Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges

Tita Damayanti Lestari; Aswin Rafif Khairullah; Suzanita Utama; Sri Mulyati; Tatik Hernawati; Ratna Damayanti; Rimayanti Rimayanti; Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani; Kartika Afrida Fauzia; Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses; Riza Zainuddin Ahmad; Syahputra Wibowo; Ima Fauziah; Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih; Zein Ahmad Baihaqi; Wasito Wasito; Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala; Ertika Fitri Lisnanti

doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.5

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Open Vet J. 2025; 15(1): 54-68

doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.5

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges

Tita Damayanti Lestari, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati, Tatik Hernawati, Ratna Damayanti, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Syahputra Wibowo, Ima Fauziah, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Wasito Wasito, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ertika Fitri Lisnanti.

Abstract
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also referred to as mad cow disease, is a chronic degenerative disease that affects the central nervous systems. BSE is caused by a misfolded isoform of the prion protein (PrP), a widely expressed glycoprotein. The illness is referred to as Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans. In the United Kingdom (UK), BSE in cattle was first discovered in 1986. Based on epidemiological data, it appears that animal feed containing tainted meat and bone meal as a source of meat protein is the common cause of the BSE outbreak in the UK. Clinical indicators in cows cincludeirregular body posture, incoordination,, difficulty in standing, weight loss, and temperamental changes, including agitation and hostility. Feeding livestock meat and bone meal (MBM) obtained from BSE-infected livestock contaminated with BSE prions is the only known risk factor for BSE development. Strong evidence linking BSE to human transmission and a variant type of CJD has brought the disease to the attention of many countries. Screening living animals for BSE is challenging. In most cases, suspected animals are usually killed. Typically, the CNS is examined for prions to diagnose this illness. There is currently no robust treatment for BSE. The prevention of BSE can be achieved by avoiding the feeding of susceptible animals with ruminant tissues that might carry prions.

Key words: BSE, Cattle, Prion, Public health, vCJD

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Lestari TD, Khairullah AR, Utama S, Mulyati S, Hernawati T, Damayanti R, Rimayanti R, Wardhani BWK, Fauzia KA, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Wibowo S, Fauziah I, Kurniasih DAA, Baihaqi ZA, Wasito W, Kusala MKJ, Lisnanti EF. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(1): 54-68. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.5

Web Style

Lestari TD, Khairullah AR, Utama S, Mulyati S, Hernawati T, Damayanti R, Rimayanti R, Wardhani BWK, Fauzia KA, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Wibowo S, Fauziah I, Kurniasih DAA, Baihaqi ZA, Wasito W, Kusala MKJ, Lisnanti EF. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=224174 [Access: March 19, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.5

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Lestari TD, Khairullah AR, Utama S, Mulyati S, Hernawati T, Damayanti R, Rimayanti R, Wardhani BWK, Fauzia KA, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Wibowo S, Fauziah I, Kurniasih DAA, Baihaqi ZA, Wasito W, Kusala MKJ, Lisnanti EF. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(1): 54-68. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.5

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Lestari TD, Khairullah AR, Utama S, Mulyati S, Hernawati T, Damayanti R, Rimayanti R, Wardhani BWK, Fauzia KA, Moses IB, Ahmad RZ, Wibowo S, Fauziah I, Kurniasih DAA, Baihaqi ZA, Wasito W, Kusala MKJ, Lisnanti EF. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited March 19, 2025]; 15(1): 54-68. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.5

Harvard Style

Lestari, T. D., Khairullah, . A. R., Utama, . S., Mulyati, . S., Hernawati, . T., Damayanti, . R., Rimayanti, . R., Wardhani, . B. W. K., Fauzia, . K. A., Moses, . I. B., Ahmad, . R. Z., Wibowo, . S., Fauziah, . I., Kurniasih, . D. A. A., Baihaqi, . Z. A., Wasito, . W., Kusala, . M. K. J. & Lisnanti, . E. F. (2025) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges. Open Vet J, 15 (1), 54-68. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.5

Turabian Style

Lestari, Tita Damayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati, Tatik Hernawati, Ratna Damayanti, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Syahputra Wibowo, Ima Fauziah, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Wasito Wasito, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, and Ertika Fitri Lisnanti. 2025. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (1), 54-68. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.5

Chicago Style

Lestari, Tita Damayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati, Tatik Hernawati, Ratna Damayanti, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Syahputra Wibowo, Ima Fauziah, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Wasito Wasito, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, and Ertika Fitri Lisnanti. "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 54-68. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.5

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Lestari, Tita Damayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati, Tatik Hernawati, Ratna Damayanti, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Syahputra Wibowo, Ima Fauziah, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi, Wasito Wasito, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, and Ertika Fitri Lisnanti. "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A review of current knowledge and challenges." Open Veterinary Journal 15.1 (2025), 54-68. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.5

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

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