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Research Article


Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on body length, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)-induced stunting model with rotenone

Maslichah Mafruchati, Lailatul Fadliyah, Akhmad Kusuma Wardhana, Intan Idiana Hassan.


Abstract
Background: Stunting is the disruption of growth in both humans and animals brought on by ingesting inadequate
nourishment over an extended period or receiving inadequately nutritious food.
Aim: This study aimed to analyze the effect of the extracted leaf of Moringa oleifera on body length, malondialdehyde
(MDA), and IL-6 levels in zebrafish larvae to mitigate stunting induced by rotenone.
Methods: This study used an embryo of zebrafish at the age of 2–72 hours post-fertilization (hpf), which were exposed
to rotenone with a concentration of 12.5 ppb to induce stunting, as well as exposed to the leaf extract of M. oleifera
using various concentrations (0.56, 1.12, 2.24 μg/ml). On day 6 post-fertilization (dpf), zebrafish embryos were
measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to determine MDA levels and IL-6 inside their body.
Results: Moringa oleifera leaf extract reduced IL-6 levels in the water. MDA level was increased in the group given
rotenone and moringa leaf extract (p < 0.05). However, the MDA rate had no significant relationship with zebrafish
embryo body length (p > 0.05). Rotenone significantly reduced body length and increased IL-6 and MDA levels
compared with controls. Moringa oleifera leaf extract improved body length in a dose-dependent manner, with the
greatest effect at 2.24 μg/ml. IL-6 reduction was significant only at the highest dose, while lower doses improved
growth without statistically lowering IL-6. MDA levels were paradoxically elevated in rotenone + moringa groups,
likely reflecting assay interference, mineral-driven lipid peroxidation, or transient ROS burst during metabolic recovery.
Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaf extract effectively mitigates stunting in zebrafish embryos by reducing IL-6 levels
and improving body length, despite elevated MDA levels. These findings support its potential as a safe, natural antiinflammatory
intervention for early-life growth disturbance.

Key words: Body length; Life expectancy; IL-6; Moringa oleifera; Zebrafish embryos.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mafruchati M, Fadliyah L, Wardhana AK, Hassan II. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on body length, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)-induced stunting model with rotenone. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(2): 934-943. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.15

Web Style

Mafruchati M, Fadliyah L, Wardhana AK, Hassan II. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on body length, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)-induced stunting model with rotenone. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=286613 [Access: February 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.15

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mafruchati M, Fadliyah L, Wardhana AK, Hassan II. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on body length, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)-induced stunting model with rotenone. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(2): 934-943. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.15


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mafruchati M, Fadliyah L, Wardhana AK, Hassan II. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on body length, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)-induced stunting model with rotenone. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited February 27, 2026]; 16(2): 934-943. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.15


Harvard Style

Mafruchati, M., Fadliyah, . L., Wardhana, . A. K. & Hassan, . I. I. (2026) Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on body length, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)-induced stunting model with rotenone. Open Vet. J., 16 (2), 934-943. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.15


Turabian Style

Mafruchati, Maslichah, Lailatul Fadliyah, Akhmad Kusuma Wardhana, and Intan Idiana Hassan. 2026. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on body length, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)-induced stunting model with rotenone. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (2), 934-943. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.15


Chicago Style

Mafruchati, Maslichah, Lailatul Fadliyah, Akhmad Kusuma Wardhana, and Intan Idiana Hassan. "Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on body length, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)-induced stunting model with rotenone." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 934-943. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.15


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mafruchati, Maslichah, Lailatul Fadliyah, Akhmad Kusuma Wardhana, and Intan Idiana Hassan. "Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on body length, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)-induced stunting model with rotenone." Open Veterinary Journal 16.2 (2026), 934-943. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.15


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mafruchati, M., Fadliyah, . L., Wardhana, . A. K. & Hassan, . I. I. (2026) Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on body length, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)-induced stunting model with rotenone. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (2), 934-943. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.15


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