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2024, Vol: 14, Issue: 3
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Original Article


Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom

Yoshinori Tanabe, Toshie Iseri, Ryouta Onizuka, Takayuki Ishida, Hidetoshi Eto, Munekazu Nakaichi.


Abstract
Background:
Accurate dose assessment during animal radiotherapy is beneficial for veterinary medicine and medical education.
Aim:
To visualize the radiation treatment distribution of orthovoltage X-ray equipment in clinical practice using Monte Carlo simulations and created a dog skull water phantom for animal-specific radiotherapy.
Methods:
EGSnrc-based BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc codes were used to simulate orthovoltage dose distributions. At 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 80 mm in a water phantom, depth dose was measured with waterproof Farmer dosimetry chambers and the diagonal off-axis ratio was measured with Gafchromic EBT3 film to simulate orthovoltage dose distributions. Energy differences between orthovoltage and linear accelerated radiotherapy were assessed with a heterogeneous bone and tissue virtual phantom. The animal-specific phantom for radiotherapy quality assurance was created from CT scans of a dog and printed with a three-dimensional printer using polyamide 12 nylon, with insertion points for dosimetry chambers and Gafchromic EBT3 film.
Results:
Monte Carlo simulated and measured dose distributions differed by no more than 2.0% along the central axis up to a depth of 80 mm. The anode heel effect occurred in shallow areas. The orthovoltage radiotherapy percentage depth dose in bone was >40%. Build-up was >40%, with build-down after bone exit, whereas linear accelerator radiotherapy absorption changed little in the bone. A highly water-impermeable, animal-specific dog skull water phantom could be created to evaluate dose distribution.
Conclusion:
Animal-specific water phantoms and Monte Carlo simulated pre-treatment radiotherapy is useful quality assurance for orthovoltage radiotherapy and yields a visually familiar phantom that will be useful for veterinary medical education.

Key words: Orthovoltage, Animal radiotherapy, Heel effect, Water animal phantom, Animal specific radiotherapy quality assurance


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Tanabe Y, Iseri T, Onizuka R, Ishida T, Eto H, Nakaichi M. Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom. Open Vet J. 2023; 13(4): 427-432. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i4.4

Web Style

Tanabe Y, Iseri T, Onizuka R, Ishida T, Eto H, Nakaichi M. Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=131465 [Access: April 10, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i4.4

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Tanabe Y, Iseri T, Onizuka R, Ishida T, Eto H, Nakaichi M. Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom. Open Vet J. 2023; 13(4): 427-432. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i4.4


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Tanabe Y, Iseri T, Onizuka R, Ishida T, Eto H, Nakaichi M. Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom. Open Vet J. (2023), [cited April 10, 2024]; 13(4): 427-432. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i4.4


Harvard Style

Tanabe, Y., Iseri, . T., Onizuka, . R., Ishida, . T., Eto, . H. & Nakaichi, . M. (2023) Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom. Open Vet J, 13 (4), 427-432. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i4.4


Turabian Style

Tanabe, Yoshinori, Toshie Iseri, Ryouta Onizuka, Takayuki Ishida, Hidetoshi Eto, and Munekazu Nakaichi. 2023. Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom. Open Veterinary Journal, 13 (4), 427-432. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i4.4


Chicago Style

Tanabe, Yoshinori, Toshie Iseri, Ryouta Onizuka, Takayuki Ishida, Hidetoshi Eto, and Munekazu Nakaichi. "Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom." Open Veterinary Journal 13 (2023), 427-432. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i4.4


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Tanabe, Yoshinori, Toshie Iseri, Ryouta Onizuka, Takayuki Ishida, Hidetoshi Eto, and Munekazu Nakaichi. "Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom." Open Veterinary Journal 13.4 (2023), 427-432. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i4.4


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Tanabe, Y., Iseri, . T., Onizuka, . R., Ishida, . T., Eto, . H. & Nakaichi, . M. (2023) Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom. Open Veterinary Journal, 13 (4), 427-432. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i4.4


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