Abstract
Background:
Bloody urine is classified in farm animals as hematuria, hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria. In small ruminants, discolored urine is reported due to several etiologies which is sometimes fatal. Of these causes are babesiosis, bacillary hemoglobinuria, copper toxicity and hypophosphatemia.
Aim:
This study was designed to investigate the clinical, etiological, hematobiochemical, ultrasonographic and pathological findings in rams and bucks with red urine syndrome.
Methods:
Eighteen male animals (9 rams and 9 bucks) of 6 months to 3 years examined. Parallel, 10 healthy controls were used. They were admitted due to red urine, voiding of only urine drops, straining during the act of urination, grunting during urination, ventral abdominal edema and abdominal distension. Duration of the disease ranged from 2 to 30 days. A history of chronic copper toxicosis was informed in 2 bucks and a ram. Two blood samples were collected from diseased as well as from controls in EDTA tubes (for complete blood count testing) and in plain tubes (for serum collection).
Results:
Hematuria was found in 11 animals (7 bucks and 4 rams) while hemoglobinuria was detected in 7 animals (5 bucks and 2 rams). Sonographic findings in diseased animals included ruptured urinary bladder in 3, ruptured urethra in 5, penile calculi, uroperitoneum in 6, distended urinary bladder in 7, hydronephrosis in 5, echogenic deposits in the bladder in 3 and ventral urine accumulation in 4 animals. Laboratory evaluation of Geimsa-stained blood smear confirmed the infection with Babesia in three bucks and a ram. Hemolytic anemia was marked in 2 bucks and a ram due to chronic copper toxicity. Biochemical abnormalities included hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration and hyperglycemia. Postmortem examination was carried out on 6 animals (4 rams and 2 bucks).
Conclusion:
Discolored urine in rams and bucks in this study resulted from hematuria due to urinary calculi and pelvic abscessation or from hemoglobinuria due to Babesia infection or due to copper toxicity. Hemolytic anemia was the outstanding hematological finding and hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, increased BUN and creatinine and hyperglycemia were the characteristic biochemical findings. Sonography of the urinary tract was very helpful in assessing the renal parenchyma, urinary bladder and the abdominal cavity for the verification of urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, intact or ruptured urinary bladder, uroperitoneum and perforated urethra.

Key words: Goat, Pathology, Ruminant, Sheep, Ultrasound