Abstract
Background:
Leaf ethanolic extract of Etlingera hemisphaerica (LE3H) has the potential to restore glucose, triglyceride, uric acid disorders, and reduce mercury toxicity. High levels of glucose (hyperglycemia), urine (uremia), and creatinine (hypercreatininemia) in the blood cause real health problems. Meanwhile, the phytochemical content in fruit ethanolic extract of E. hemisphaerica (FE3H) is higher than LE3H.

Aim:
This study evaluated the potential of FE3H as a solution for hyperglycemia, uremia, and hypercreatininemia in mice.

Methods:
Quercetin levels in FE3H were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). First(A) stage used 25 male mice divided into five groups. On day(d)1, the body weight (BW) of the mice was weighed. On d2-11, 5 mg/gBW sucrose was given by gavage, then on d12 BW and blood glucose level of mice were determined. On d13, 0.52 mg/gBW glibenclamide was given in A2, 0.39 mg/gBW FE3H in A3, and 0.52 mg/g BW FE3H in A4 by gavage. Controls, A0, only given double-distilled water (DDW). On d14, BW and blood glucose levels of the mice were determined. Second(B) stage used 24 male mice divided into six groups. On d1, B1-B5 were injected intraperitoneally (IP) 5 mg/kg BW HgCl2, then on d3-5 were given by gavage 0.2 mg/g BW Immunos® in B2; 0.39 mg/gBW FE3H in B3, 0.52 mg/gBW FE3H in B4, 0.65 mg/gBW FE3H in B5; Control, B0, and B1 were only given DDW. On d6, the mice were killed by CD. The weight of the kidney was determined, then the urea and creatinine levels were measured in blood samples from the heart.

Results:
FE3H contains 98.92±12.88 µg/g quercetin. Sucrose tends to increase BW, then 0.39 mg/g BW FE3H treatment tends to restore BW close to control. Sucrose significantly increased blood glucose, then 0.39 and 0.52 mg/gBW FE3H treatment restored significantly blood glucose similar to control. HgCl2 increases kidney weight, then 0.65 mg/gBW FE3H treatment tends to restore kidney weight close to control. HgCl2 significantly increased urea and creatinine, then 0.52 and 0.65 mg/gBW FE3H treatment significantly restored urea and creatinine similar to the control.

Conclusion:
FE3H was high in flavonoid quercetin has potential to restore hyperglycemia 47.38-48.18%, uremia 29.04-33.06%, and hypercreatininemia 49.52-54.28% in mice.

Key words: Etlingera hemisphaerica, Sucrose, Hyperglycemia, Uremia, Hypercreatininemia