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Research Article


Effect of fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on spermatogenic cells in mice exposed to smoke

Elias Setyo Novanto, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Budiarto Budiarto, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Sri Pantja Madyawati, Tatik Hernawati, Kadek Rachmawati, Imam Mustofa, Siti Darodjah Rasad, Ahmed Qasim Dawood, Ginta Riady, Wasito Wasito, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Bima Putra Pratama, Novia Chairuman.


Abstract
Background:
Red beans are known to be rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, and polyphenols that have high antioxidant activity so that they are believed to be able to provide protection against testicular tissue exposed to toxic substances, including cigarette smoke.

Aim:
This study aims to scientifically analyze the effect of administering fermented red bean extract on the number of spermatogenic cells in male mice exposed to cigarette smoke.

Methods:
This experimental study used 25 mice. Group K (–) was given 0.5 mL of 1% CMC-Na, group K (+) was given 0.5 mL of 1% CMC-Na and exposed to cigarette smoke, groups P1, P2, and P3 were given fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with doses of 26 mg/kgBW, 52 mg/kgBW, 104 mg/kgBW and exposed to cigarette smoke, respectively. Each group was given one cigarette a day for 36 days. Testicular histopathology preparations were made with HE staining and continued with spermatogenic cell counting. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test (p<0.05).

Results:
The results showed that the K(–) group had the highest number of spermatogenic cells, while K(+) had the lowest number of spermatogenic cells, the P2 group was the most effective method in maintaining the number of cells, because the P2 group had a good number of cells even with a lower dose compared to the P3 group.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of this study is that the dose of 52 mg/kgBW has the best potential. Fermented red bean extract contains isoflavones that act as free radical scavengers by donating electrons to reactive oxygen species (ROS) to stabilize the molecule.

Key words: Health risks; Red beans; Spermatogonium; Spermatocytes; Spermatids.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Novanto ES, Khairullah AR, Budiarto B, Lestari TD, Madyawati SP, Hernawati T, Rachmawati K, Mustofa I, Rasad SD, Dawood AQ, Riady G, Wasito W, Ahmad RZ, Pratama BP, Chairuman N. Effect of fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on spermatogenic cells in mice exposed to smoke. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(9): 4146-4152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.20

Web Style

Novanto ES, Khairullah AR, Budiarto B, Lestari TD, Madyawati SP, Hernawati T, Rachmawati K, Mustofa I, Rasad SD, Dawood AQ, Riady G, Wasito W, Ahmad RZ, Pratama BP, Chairuman N. Effect of fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on spermatogenic cells in mice exposed to smoke. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=266264 [Access: October 06, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.20

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Novanto ES, Khairullah AR, Budiarto B, Lestari TD, Madyawati SP, Hernawati T, Rachmawati K, Mustofa I, Rasad SD, Dawood AQ, Riady G, Wasito W, Ahmad RZ, Pratama BP, Chairuman N. Effect of fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on spermatogenic cells in mice exposed to smoke. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(9): 4146-4152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.20


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Novanto ES, Khairullah AR, Budiarto B, Lestari TD, Madyawati SP, Hernawati T, Rachmawati K, Mustofa I, Rasad SD, Dawood AQ, Riady G, Wasito W, Ahmad RZ, Pratama BP, Chairuman N. Effect of fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on spermatogenic cells in mice exposed to smoke. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited October 06, 2025]; 15(9): 4146-4152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.20


Harvard Style

Novanto, E. S., Khairullah, . A. R., Budiarto, . B., Lestari, . T. D., Madyawati, . S. P., Hernawati, . T., Rachmawati, . K., Mustofa, . I., Rasad, . S. D., Dawood, . A. Q., Riady, . G., Wasito, . W., Ahmad, . R. Z., Pratama, . B. P. & Chairuman, . N. (2025) Effect of fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on spermatogenic cells in mice exposed to smoke. Open Vet. J., 15 (9), 4146-4152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.20


Turabian Style

Novanto, Elias Setyo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Budiarto Budiarto, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Sri Pantja Madyawati, Tatik Hernawati, Kadek Rachmawati, Imam Mustofa, Siti Darodjah Rasad, Ahmed Qasim Dawood, Ginta Riady, Wasito Wasito, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Bima Putra Pratama, and Novia Chairuman. 2025. Effect of fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on spermatogenic cells in mice exposed to smoke. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (9), 4146-4152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.20


Chicago Style

Novanto, Elias Setyo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Budiarto Budiarto, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Sri Pantja Madyawati, Tatik Hernawati, Kadek Rachmawati, Imam Mustofa, Siti Darodjah Rasad, Ahmed Qasim Dawood, Ginta Riady, Wasito Wasito, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Bima Putra Pratama, and Novia Chairuman. "Effect of fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on spermatogenic cells in mice exposed to smoke." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 4146-4152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.20


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Novanto, Elias Setyo, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Budiarto Budiarto, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Sri Pantja Madyawati, Tatik Hernawati, Kadek Rachmawati, Imam Mustofa, Siti Darodjah Rasad, Ahmed Qasim Dawood, Ginta Riady, Wasito Wasito, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Bima Putra Pratama, and Novia Chairuman. "Effect of fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on spermatogenic cells in mice exposed to smoke." Open Veterinary Journal 15.9 (2025), 4146-4152. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.20


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Novanto, E. S., Khairullah, . A. R., Budiarto, . B., Lestari, . T. D., Madyawati, . S. P., Hernawati, . T., Rachmawati, . K., Mustofa, . I., Rasad, . S. D., Dawood, . A. Q., Riady, . G., Wasito, . W., Ahmad, . R. Z., Pratama, . B. P. & Chairuman, . N. (2025) Effect of fermented red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on spermatogenic cells in mice exposed to smoke. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (9), 4146-4152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.20


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