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Research Article


Effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of water buffalo calves

Muhammad Arif, Qahtan A.W. Khalaf, Abd ur Rehman, Sayed M. Hussain, Najlaa H. Almohmadi, Najah M. Al-Baqami, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Mahmoud Kamal, Mohamed Tharwat, Ayman A. Swelum.


Abstract
Background:
Hydroponic feeding system enables more effective utilization of the entire plant than typical grazing, which only consumes the plant's shoot.
Aim:
This study evaluated the effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of buffalo calves.
Methods:
Twelve water buffalo calves, weighing an average of 112 +1.18 kg and between 8 and 10 months old, were divided into three treatments, each with four calves. Each group received one of the treatment diets: T1: the basal diet (BD) at 100%; T2: the BD plus hydroponic feed meal (HFM) at 80%: 20%; and T3: the BD plus HFM at 60%: 40%. For 100 days, each animal was fed ad libitum; the first ten days were used for nutritional adaptation, and the final ten days were used for collection. In addition to their basal diet, each animal received 200 g/day of a normal concentrate mixture to meet their maintenance needs. The basal diet included Green Hay (Lucerne) 80% and Wheat straw 20%. Each animal's daily feed consumption was noted. Calves were weighed biweekly to track growth. Upon completion of the experiment, blood samples were obtained.
Results:
The amount of DM consumed by ruminants fed diets, including hydroponic fodder, was considerably higher (P< 0.05). Similar trends were seen in CP, ADF, and NDF intake. Ingesting of CP was highest in animals fed T3. Animals fed diets comprising Basal diet 60% + HFM 40% had the highest levels of DM and CP digestibility. Animals fed the T3 diet (Basal diet 60% + HFM 40%) showed the best feed conversion values (P˂0.05). Blood metabolites like blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and glucose showed non-significant variations in all experimental animals. In haematology, a similar trend was seen.
Conclusion:
Therefore, it can be said that supplementing the diet with more HFM helped growing buffalo calves gain weight, have a lower FCR, and digest their food more efficiently.

Key words: Buffalo calves, Growth performance, Hydroponic fodder, Maize


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Arif M, Khalaf QA, Rehman Au, Hussain SM, Almohmadi NH, Al-Baqami NM, El-Hack MEA, Kamal M, Tharwat M, Swelum AA. Effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of water buffalo calves. Open Vet J. 2023; 13(12): 1607-1613. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.10

Web Style

Arif M, Khalaf QA, Rehman Au, Hussain SM, Almohmadi NH, Al-Baqami NM, El-Hack MEA, Kamal M, Tharwat M, Swelum AA. Effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of water buffalo calves. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=166326 [Access: May 02, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.10

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Arif M, Khalaf QA, Rehman Au, Hussain SM, Almohmadi NH, Al-Baqami NM, El-Hack MEA, Kamal M, Tharwat M, Swelum AA. Effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of water buffalo calves. Open Vet J. 2023; 13(12): 1607-1613. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.10


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Arif M, Khalaf QA, Rehman Au, Hussain SM, Almohmadi NH, Al-Baqami NM, El-Hack MEA, Kamal M, Tharwat M, Swelum AA. Effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of water buffalo calves. Open Vet J. (2023), [cited May 02, 2024]; 13(12): 1607-1613. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.10


Harvard Style

Arif, M., Khalaf, . Q. A., Rehman, . A. u., Hussain, . S. M., Almohmadi, . N. H., Al-Baqami, . N. M., El-Hack, . M. E. A., Kamal, . M., Tharwat, . M. & Swelum, . A. A. (2023) Effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of water buffalo calves. Open Vet J, 13 (12), 1607-1613. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.10


Turabian Style

Arif, Muhammad, Qahtan A.W. Khalaf, Abd ur Rehman, Sayed M. Hussain, Najlaa H. Almohmadi, Najah M. Al-Baqami, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Mahmoud Kamal, Mohamed Tharwat, and Ayman A. Swelum. 2023. Effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of water buffalo calves. Open Veterinary Journal, 13 (12), 1607-1613. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.10


Chicago Style

Arif, Muhammad, Qahtan A.W. Khalaf, Abd ur Rehman, Sayed M. Hussain, Najlaa H. Almohmadi, Najah M. Al-Baqami, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Mahmoud Kamal, Mohamed Tharwat, and Ayman A. Swelum. "Effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of water buffalo calves." Open Veterinary Journal 13 (2023), 1607-1613. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.10


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Arif, Muhammad, Qahtan A.W. Khalaf, Abd ur Rehman, Sayed M. Hussain, Najlaa H. Almohmadi, Najah M. Al-Baqami, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Mahmoud Kamal, Mohamed Tharwat, and Ayman A. Swelum. "Effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of water buffalo calves." Open Veterinary Journal 13.12 (2023), 1607-1613. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.10


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Arif, M., Khalaf, . Q. A., Rehman, . A. u., Hussain, . S. M., Almohmadi, . N. H., Al-Baqami, . N. M., El-Hack, . M. E. A., Kamal, . M., Tharwat, . M. & Swelum, . A. A. (2023) Effects of feeding maize hydroponic fodder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility, hematology and blood metabolites of water buffalo calves. Open Veterinary Journal, 13 (12), 1607-1613. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.10


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