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Research Article


Black soybean extract inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis through BRCA1 and TNF-α expression: In silico and in vivo study

Dyah Ayu OA Pratama, Annesia Fernanda, Ricadonna Raissa, Fajar Shodiq Permata, Muhammad Luqman Nordin.


Abstract
Background:
Mammary gland carcinoma is a malignant type of cancer that occurs in mammae tissue. Dimethylbenzene (α) anthracene (DMBA) is a carcinogenic agent that causes mammary cancer by damaging cellular DNA. Flavonoids found in the black soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) exhibit anti-carcinogenic effects.

Aim:
This study evaluated the anticarcinogenic effects of black soybean extract.

Methods:
The activity of flavonoid compounds in black soybean was determined in silico. Five groups of rats, four in each group, were established, consisting of a negative control, a positive control, and three treatment groups. Treatment included black soybean extract administration (i.e., T1 = 200, T2 = 400, and T3 = 800 mg of black soybean extract/kg body weight for 10 days). The observed parameters included the immunohistochemical analysis of BRCA1 and TNF-α.

Results:
Based on an in silico study, compounds from black soybeans are non-toxic. Functional annotation analysis revealed that most of the target proteins have a role in biological processes associated with cancer development. An in vivo analysis using an animal mammae cancer model indicated that black soybean extracts inhibited mammae cancer progression by attenuating TNF-α and BRCA1 expression.

Conclusion:
The most effective dosage of black soybean extract was 200 mg/kg body weight. An increase in BRCA1 and TNF-α expression may be related to the effects of catechin, daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, which are present in black soybeans.

Key words: Mammary cancer, Dimethylbenzene (α) anthracene, Breast cancer-1, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Immunohistochemistry


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Pratama DAO, Fernanda A, Raissa R, Permata FS, Nordin ML. Black soybean extract inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis through BRCA1 and TNF-α expression: In silico and in vivo study. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(10): 2678-2686. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.17

Web Style

Pratama DAO, Fernanda A, Raissa R, Permata FS, Nordin ML. Black soybean extract inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis through BRCA1 and TNF-α expression: In silico and in vivo study. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=183530 [Access: October 30, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.17

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Pratama DAO, Fernanda A, Raissa R, Permata FS, Nordin ML. Black soybean extract inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis through BRCA1 and TNF-α expression: In silico and in vivo study. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(10): 2678-2686. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.17


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Pratama DAO, Fernanda A, Raissa R, Permata FS, Nordin ML. Black soybean extract inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis through BRCA1 and TNF-α expression: In silico and in vivo study. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited October 30, 2024]; 14(10): 2678-2686. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.17


Harvard Style

Pratama, D. A. O., Fernanda, . A., Raissa, . R., Permata, . F. S. & Nordin, . M. L. (2024) Black soybean extract inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis through BRCA1 and TNF-α expression: In silico and in vivo study. Open Vet J, 14 (10), 2678-2686. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.17


Turabian Style

Pratama, Dyah Ayu OA, Annesia Fernanda, Ricadonna Raissa, Fajar Shodiq Permata, and Muhammad Luqman Nordin. 2024. Black soybean extract inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis through BRCA1 and TNF-α expression: In silico and in vivo study. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (10), 2678-2686. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.17


Chicago Style

Pratama, Dyah Ayu OA, Annesia Fernanda, Ricadonna Raissa, Fajar Shodiq Permata, and Muhammad Luqman Nordin. "Black soybean extract inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis through BRCA1 and TNF-α expression: In silico and in vivo study." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 2678-2686. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.17


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Pratama, Dyah Ayu OA, Annesia Fernanda, Ricadonna Raissa, Fajar Shodiq Permata, and Muhammad Luqman Nordin. "Black soybean extract inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis through BRCA1 and TNF-α expression: In silico and in vivo study." Open Veterinary Journal 14.10 (2024), 2678-2686. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.17


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Pratama, D. A. O., Fernanda, . A., Raissa, . R., Permata, . F. S. & Nordin, . M. L. (2024) Black soybean extract inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis through BRCA1 and TNF-α expression: In silico and in vivo study. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (10), 2678-2686. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.17


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