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Research Article


Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius)

Paulo Cesar Mendes Dos Santos Filho, Leticia Prata Juliano Dimatteu Telles, Elane Barboza da Silva, Dandara Franco Ferreira da Silva, Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano.


Abstract
Background:
The popularity of tortoises kept in captivity is increasing and has caused concern regarding the necessity to establish safe and straightforward anesthesia for those reptiles.
Aim:
This study aimed to compare four protocols using levobupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for blockade of the caudal neuraxis of red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius).
Methods:
Twenty-four tortoises were randomly assigned into 4 groups: G1, levobupivacaine 0.75% (1.15 mg kg-1); G2, levobupivacaine 0.37% (1.15 mg kg-1); G3, levobupivacaine 0.75% (2.3 mg kg-1); and G4, levobupivacaine 0.75% (0.1 ml 5 cm-1 of straight carapace length). Tortoises were evaluated for respiratory rate, muscle relaxation, response to hindlimb or tail pinch, and cloacal reflex.
Results:
A 1.15 mg kg-1 dose of levobupivacaine 0.37% appears adequate for shorter procedures, whereas a 1.15 mg kg-1 dose of levobupivacaine 0.75% should be appropriate for longer procedures in red-footed tortoises.
Conclusion:
Our results are the first to show the effects of levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in reptiles. Weight-based doses presented more intense and more homogeneous effects than carapace length-based dose in red-footed tortoises. Spinal anesthesia of red-footed tortoises was safe and effective with any of the weight-based protocols.

Key words: Testudines, Loco-regional anesthesia, Neuraxis blockade, Local anesthetics, Reptiles


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Filho PCMDS, Telles LPJD, Silva EBd, Silva DFFd, Hirano LQL. Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius). Open Vet J. 2024; 14(8): 1789-1793. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.6


Web Style

Filho PCMDS, Telles LPJD, Silva EBd, Silva DFFd, Hirano LQL. Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius). https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=194147 [Access: September 16, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.6


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Filho PCMDS, Telles LPJD, Silva EBd, Silva DFFd, Hirano LQL. Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius). Open Vet J. 2024; 14(8): 1789-1793. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.6



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Filho PCMDS, Telles LPJD, Silva EBd, Silva DFFd, Hirano LQL. Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius). Open Vet J. (2024), [cited September 16, 2024]; 14(8): 1789-1793. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.6



Harvard Style

Filho, P. C. M. D. S., Telles, . L. P. J. D., Silva, . E. B. d., Silva, . D. F. F. d. & Hirano, . L. Q. L. (2024) Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius). Open Vet J, 14 (8), 1789-1793. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.6



Turabian Style

Filho, Paulo Cesar Mendes Dos Santos, Leticia Prata Juliano Dimatteu Telles, Elane Barboza da Silva, Dandara Franco Ferreira da Silva, and Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano. 2024. Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius). Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (8), 1789-1793. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.6



Chicago Style

Filho, Paulo Cesar Mendes Dos Santos, Leticia Prata Juliano Dimatteu Telles, Elane Barboza da Silva, Dandara Franco Ferreira da Silva, and Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano. "Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius)." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 1789-1793. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.6



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Filho, Paulo Cesar Mendes Dos Santos, Leticia Prata Juliano Dimatteu Telles, Elane Barboza da Silva, Dandara Franco Ferreira da Silva, and Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano. "Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius)." Open Veterinary Journal 14.8 (2024), 1789-1793. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.6



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Filho, P. C. M. D. S., Telles, . L. P. J. D., Silva, . E. B. d., Silva, . D. F. F. d. & Hirano, . L. Q. L. (2024) Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius). Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (8), 1789-1793. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.6