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Review Article


Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) developments: An in-depth review of recent findings

Rimayanti Rimayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Tatik Hernawati, Sri Mulyati, Suzanita Utama, Ratna Damayanti, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ricadonna Raissa, Ima Fauziah, Syahputra Wibowo, Agung Prasetyo, Mo Awwanah, Kartika Afrida Fauzia.


Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) belonging to the Arteriviridae family is the cause of PRRS disease. After being discovered for the first time in the United States in 1987, this illness quickly expanded to Canada. The disease was initially discovered in late 1990 in Germany, from where it quickly spread throughout Europe. The consequences of PRRSV lead to a number of epidemiological issues, including a sickness with a delayed immune response that permits extended viremia, which facilitates viral transmission. The virus penetrates the nasal epithelium, tonsils, lung macrophages, and uterine endometrium through the oronasal and genital pathways. Abortions performed late in pregnancy and premature or delayed deliveries resulting in dead and mummified fetuses, stillborn pigs, and weakly born piglets are indicative of reproductive syndrome. In the meanwhile, dyspnea, fever, anorexia, and lethargic behavior are signs of respiratory syndrome. The virus can be isolated from the tissue or serum of animals that have been infected to confirm the diagnosis. Pig movements and potential airborne dissemination are two ways that the virus can enter new herds and propagate through nose-to-nose contact or aerosols. Various supportive therapies may enhance infant survival, and antibiotics may or may not lessen the impact of secondary bacterial infections. The absence of simple diagnostic tests, the virus's airborne transmission, the occurrence of subclinical infections, and the virus's persistence in infected populations have all contributed to the failure of control efforts for PRRS.

Key words: Disease, Pig, PRRS, PRRSV, Virus


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Rimayanti R, Khairullah AR, Lestari TD, Hernawati T, Mulyati S, Utama S, Damayanti R, Moses IB, Yanestria SM, Kusala MKJ, Raissa R, Fauziah I, Wibowo S, Prasetyo A, Awwanah M, Fauzia KA. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) developments: An in-depth review of recent findings. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(9): 2138-2152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.3

Web Style

Rimayanti R, Khairullah AR, Lestari TD, Hernawati T, Mulyati S, Utama S, Damayanti R, Moses IB, Yanestria SM, Kusala MKJ, Raissa R, Fauziah I, Wibowo S, Prasetyo A, Awwanah M, Fauzia KA. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) developments: An in-depth review of recent findings. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=210948 [Access: November 08, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.3

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Rimayanti R, Khairullah AR, Lestari TD, Hernawati T, Mulyati S, Utama S, Damayanti R, Moses IB, Yanestria SM, Kusala MKJ, Raissa R, Fauziah I, Wibowo S, Prasetyo A, Awwanah M, Fauzia KA. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) developments: An in-depth review of recent findings. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(9): 2138-2152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.3


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Rimayanti R, Khairullah AR, Lestari TD, Hernawati T, Mulyati S, Utama S, Damayanti R, Moses IB, Yanestria SM, Kusala MKJ, Raissa R, Fauziah I, Wibowo S, Prasetyo A, Awwanah M, Fauzia KA. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) developments: An in-depth review of recent findings. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited November 08, 2024]; 14(9): 2138-2152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.3


Harvard Style

Rimayanti, R., Khairullah, . A. R., Lestari, . T. D., Hernawati, . T., Mulyati, . S., Utama, . S., Damayanti, . R., Moses, . I. B., Yanestria, . S. M., Kusala, . M. K. J., Raissa, . R., Fauziah, . I., Wibowo, . S., Prasetyo, . A., Awwanah, . M. & Fauzia, . K. A. (2024) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) developments: An in-depth review of recent findings. Open Vet J, 14 (9), 2138-2152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.3


Turabian Style

Rimayanti, Rimayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Tatik Hernawati, Sri Mulyati, Suzanita Utama, Ratna Damayanti, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ricadonna Raissa, Ima Fauziah, Syahputra Wibowo, Agung Prasetyo, Mo Awwanah, and Kartika Afrida Fauzia. 2024. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) developments: An in-depth review of recent findings. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (9), 2138-2152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.3


Chicago Style

Rimayanti, Rimayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Tatik Hernawati, Sri Mulyati, Suzanita Utama, Ratna Damayanti, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ricadonna Raissa, Ima Fauziah, Syahputra Wibowo, Agung Prasetyo, Mo Awwanah, and Kartika Afrida Fauzia. "Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) developments: An in-depth review of recent findings." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 2138-2152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.3


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Rimayanti, Rimayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Tatik Hernawati, Sri Mulyati, Suzanita Utama, Ratna Damayanti, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ricadonna Raissa, Ima Fauziah, Syahputra Wibowo, Agung Prasetyo, Mo Awwanah, and Kartika Afrida Fauzia. "Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) developments: An in-depth review of recent findings." Open Veterinary Journal 14.9 (2024), 2138-2152. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.3


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Rimayanti, R., Khairullah, . A. R., Lestari, . T. D., Hernawati, . T., Mulyati, . S., Utama, . S., Damayanti, . R., Moses, . I. B., Yanestria, . S. M., Kusala, . M. K. J., Raissa, . R., Fauziah, . I., Wibowo, . S., Prasetyo, . A., Awwanah, . M. & Fauzia, . K. A. (2024) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) developments: An in-depth review of recent findings. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (9), 2138-2152. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.3


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