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Research Article


Quality and pesticide residue in sheep feed: Effects of fermentation on organic and inorganic material

Desy Cahya Widianingrum, Sri Wahyuningsih, Indarto Indarto, Purnaning Dhian Isnaeni, Siti Lailatul Mufidah, Nisa Afifah Nurfadilah.


Abstract
Background:
The practice of feeding agricultural waste to animals, especially sheep, is common in Indonesia. The market demand for organic sheep meat has increased these days. However, the availability of organic feed is an obstacle to organic livestock farming, particularly in Indonesia, where agriculture depends heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Feed processing that reduces pesticide residue levels is a step as an alternative feed provider for beginner organic farmers.

Aim:
This research aims to analyze changes in nutritional quality, fiber fraction, digestibility, rumen environmental conditions, and pesticide residue levels in organic and inorganic rations with fermentation treatment.

Methods:
The research treatments were divided into organic and non-organic groups, and each group was then divided into fermented and non-fermented treatments. Fermentation was carried out using Starbio® for 21 days. All treatment feeds were prepared to meet the needs of sheep using the same composition formula. The ration consisted of rice straw, rice bran, pollard, corn, fish meal, Azolla, molasses, salt, and CaCO3. The research data were analyzed and presented in a quantitative descriptive manner.

Results:
The results showed that the non-fermented feeds exhibited higher nutritional quality, including the fiber profile and total volatile fatty acid, compared to fermented feeds. The fermentation process increases the digestibility and reduces pesticide residues, particularly parathion levels up to 0.15 ppm.

Conclusion:
This research concludes that the fermentation process increases digestibility and reduces pesticide residues in the ration for both organic and non-organic sources, but does not improve the overall nutritional value of the non-fermented feed.

Key words: Nutritional quality, Fiber fraction, Digestibility, Pesticide residue


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Widianingrum DC, Wahyuningsih S, Indarto I, Isnaeni PD, Mufidah SL, Nurfadilah NA. Quality and pesticide residue in sheep feed: Effects of fermentation on organic and inorganic material. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(7): 3104-3114. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.22

Web Style

Widianingrum DC, Wahyuningsih S, Indarto I, Isnaeni PD, Mufidah SL, Nurfadilah NA. Quality and pesticide residue in sheep feed: Effects of fermentation on organic and inorganic material. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=241132 [Access: August 31, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.22

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Widianingrum DC, Wahyuningsih S, Indarto I, Isnaeni PD, Mufidah SL, Nurfadilah NA. Quality and pesticide residue in sheep feed: Effects of fermentation on organic and inorganic material. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(7): 3104-3114. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.22


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Widianingrum DC, Wahyuningsih S, Indarto I, Isnaeni PD, Mufidah SL, Nurfadilah NA. Quality and pesticide residue in sheep feed: Effects of fermentation on organic and inorganic material. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited August 31, 2025]; 15(7): 3104-3114. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.22


Harvard Style

Widianingrum, D. C., Wahyuningsih, . S., Indarto, . I., Isnaeni, . P. D., Mufidah, . S. L. & Nurfadilah, . N. A. (2025) Quality and pesticide residue in sheep feed: Effects of fermentation on organic and inorganic material. Open Vet. J., 15 (7), 3104-3114. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.22


Turabian Style

Widianingrum, Desy Cahya, Sri Wahyuningsih, Indarto Indarto, Purnaning Dhian Isnaeni, Siti Lailatul Mufidah, and Nisa Afifah Nurfadilah. 2025. Quality and pesticide residue in sheep feed: Effects of fermentation on organic and inorganic material. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (7), 3104-3114. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.22


Chicago Style

Widianingrum, Desy Cahya, Sri Wahyuningsih, Indarto Indarto, Purnaning Dhian Isnaeni, Siti Lailatul Mufidah, and Nisa Afifah Nurfadilah. "Quality and pesticide residue in sheep feed: Effects of fermentation on organic and inorganic material." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 3104-3114. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.22


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Widianingrum, Desy Cahya, Sri Wahyuningsih, Indarto Indarto, Purnaning Dhian Isnaeni, Siti Lailatul Mufidah, and Nisa Afifah Nurfadilah. "Quality and pesticide residue in sheep feed: Effects of fermentation on organic and inorganic material." Open Veterinary Journal 15.7 (2025), 3104-3114. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.22


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Widianingrum, D. C., Wahyuningsih, . S., Indarto, . I., Isnaeni, . P. D., Mufidah, . S. L. & Nurfadilah, . N. A. (2025) Quality and pesticide residue in sheep feed: Effects of fermentation on organic and inorganic material. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (7), 3104-3114. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.22


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