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Research Article


Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potentials invitro and in vivo of phenolic compounds extracted from Ajuga iva

Sabrine Rebhi, Kaled Athmouni, Sabah Dhibi, Saida Hidouri, Hafsia Bouzenna, Ayda Dhibi, Nozza Bouzenna, Hfaiedh Najla.


Abstract
Background:
Ajuga iva phenolic extract has various biological activities and health benefits. Phenolic compounds extracted from this plant are critical molecules in the pharmacotherapy field.

Aim:
Our investigation aimed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo of Ajuga iva ethanolic extract (AIEE).

Methods:
The diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS, and nitric oxide tests and THP-1 cell model were used to evaluate the ethanolic extract of A. iva’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in vitro. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo was evaluated using the Carageenan method to induce inflammation in 24 Wistar male rats.

Results:
Our analysis showed that the ethanolic extract AIEE exhibited a high amount of phenolic compounds. In addition, the AIEE extract showed high ability to scavenge DPPH●, ABTS•+, and NO• free radicals in the reaction system, and the scavenging activity values were 79. 96%, 78%, and 77%, respectively. In vitro investigations showed that the AIEE extract exhibited a strong anti-inflammatory potential using TPH-1 as a cell model. The AIEE extract significantly (p < 0.01) decreased 32%, 72.72% and 42.12% the TNα, IL6, and IL8, respectively. In vivo investigation revealed that the AIEE extract exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity. The histopathological observation confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of AIEE.

Conclusion:
These results confirmed that AIEE extracts can be used in the pharmaceutical domain.

Key words: Ajuga iva, Antioxidant activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Phenolic compounds


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Rebhi S, Athmouni K, Dhibi S, Hidouri S, Bouzenna H, Dhibi A, Bouzenna N, Najla H. Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potentials invitro and in vivo of phenolic compounds extracted from Ajuga iva. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(7): 3240-3253. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.35

Web Style

Rebhi S, Athmouni K, Dhibi S, Hidouri S, Bouzenna H, Dhibi A, Bouzenna N, Najla H. Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potentials invitro and in vivo of phenolic compounds extracted from Ajuga iva. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=241953 [Access: August 31, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.35

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Rebhi S, Athmouni K, Dhibi S, Hidouri S, Bouzenna H, Dhibi A, Bouzenna N, Najla H. Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potentials invitro and in vivo of phenolic compounds extracted from Ajuga iva. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(7): 3240-3253. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.35


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Rebhi S, Athmouni K, Dhibi S, Hidouri S, Bouzenna H, Dhibi A, Bouzenna N, Najla H. Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potentials invitro and in vivo of phenolic compounds extracted from Ajuga iva. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited August 31, 2025]; 15(7): 3240-3253. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.35


Harvard Style

Rebhi, S., Athmouni, . K., Dhibi, . S., Hidouri, . S., Bouzenna, . H., Dhibi, . A., Bouzenna, . N. & Najla, . H. (2025) Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potentials invitro and in vivo of phenolic compounds extracted from Ajuga iva. Open Vet. J., 15 (7), 3240-3253. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.35


Turabian Style

Rebhi, Sabrine, Kaled Athmouni, Sabah Dhibi, Saida Hidouri, Hafsia Bouzenna, Ayda Dhibi, Nozza Bouzenna, and Hfaiedh Najla. 2025. Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potentials invitro and in vivo of phenolic compounds extracted from Ajuga iva. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (7), 3240-3253. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.35


Chicago Style

Rebhi, Sabrine, Kaled Athmouni, Sabah Dhibi, Saida Hidouri, Hafsia Bouzenna, Ayda Dhibi, Nozza Bouzenna, and Hfaiedh Najla. "Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potentials invitro and in vivo of phenolic compounds extracted from Ajuga iva." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 3240-3253. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.35


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Rebhi, Sabrine, Kaled Athmouni, Sabah Dhibi, Saida Hidouri, Hafsia Bouzenna, Ayda Dhibi, Nozza Bouzenna, and Hfaiedh Najla. "Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potentials invitro and in vivo of phenolic compounds extracted from Ajuga iva." Open Veterinary Journal 15.7 (2025), 3240-3253. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.35


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Rebhi, S., Athmouni, . K., Dhibi, . S., Hidouri, . S., Bouzenna, . H., Dhibi, . A., Bouzenna, . N. & Najla, . H. (2025) Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory potentials invitro and in vivo of phenolic compounds extracted from Ajuga iva. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (7), 3240-3253. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.35


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