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Research Article


Preliminary study on paratuberculosis, small ruminant lentivirus, and co-infection in Emilia Romagna flocks

Elisabetta Mondo, Raffaele Scarpellini, Erika Esposito, Mariana Roccaro, Lara Pusinich, Simone Piermatteo, Silvia Piva.


Abstract
Background:
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) are major pathogens affecting sheep and goats, leading to significant economic losses and animal welfare concerns.

Aim:
To investigate the frequency of SRLV e MAP seropositivity in sheep and goats in the Emilia Romagna region through a comprehensive serological examination.

Methods:
A total of 387 sera (304 sheep and 81 goats) were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against SRLV serotypes A, B, and E and for the detection of antibodies against MAP.

Results:
Serological analysis showed that 81.3% of the animals were positive for at least one causative agent, of which 93% were positive for SRLV, 0.3% for MAP, and 6.6% for SRLV-MAP co-infection. Furthermore, in both SRLV-only positive and SRLV-MAP co-infected samples, genotype B was the most representative (45.7%).

Conclusion:
The results of the study showed the presence of SRLV and paratuberculosis, as well as a prevalence of SRLV-MAP co-infection, for the first time in sheep and goats in the region, as well as the prevalence of SRLV-MAP co-infection, underlying the importance of implementing effective measures to control the spread of pathogens in small ruminants.

Key words: Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV); Paratuberculosis; Co-infection; Sheep; Goat


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mondo E, Scarpellini R, Esposito E, Roccaro M, Pusinich L, Piermatteo S, Piva S. Preliminary study on paratuberculosis, small ruminant lentivirus, and co-infection in Emilia Romagna flocks. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(7): 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33

Web Style

Mondo E, Scarpellini R, Esposito E, Roccaro M, Pusinich L, Piermatteo S, Piva S. Preliminary study on paratuberculosis, small ruminant lentivirus, and co-infection in Emilia Romagna flocks. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=242136 [Access: August 31, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mondo E, Scarpellini R, Esposito E, Roccaro M, Pusinich L, Piermatteo S, Piva S. Preliminary study on paratuberculosis, small ruminant lentivirus, and co-infection in Emilia Romagna flocks. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(7): 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mondo E, Scarpellini R, Esposito E, Roccaro M, Pusinich L, Piermatteo S, Piva S. Preliminary study on paratuberculosis, small ruminant lentivirus, and co-infection in Emilia Romagna flocks. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited August 31, 2025]; 15(7): 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


Harvard Style

Mondo, E., Scarpellini, . R., Esposito, . E., Roccaro, . M., Pusinich, . L., Piermatteo, . S. & Piva, . S. (2025) Preliminary study on paratuberculosis, small ruminant lentivirus, and co-infection in Emilia Romagna flocks. Open Vet. J., 15 (7), 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


Turabian Style

Mondo, Elisabetta, Raffaele Scarpellini, Erika Esposito, Mariana Roccaro, Lara Pusinich, Simone Piermatteo, and Silvia Piva. 2025. Preliminary study on paratuberculosis, small ruminant lentivirus, and co-infection in Emilia Romagna flocks. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (7), 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


Chicago Style

Mondo, Elisabetta, Raffaele Scarpellini, Erika Esposito, Mariana Roccaro, Lara Pusinich, Simone Piermatteo, and Silvia Piva. "Preliminary study on paratuberculosis, small ruminant lentivirus, and co-infection in Emilia Romagna flocks." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mondo, Elisabetta, Raffaele Scarpellini, Erika Esposito, Mariana Roccaro, Lara Pusinich, Simone Piermatteo, and Silvia Piva. "Preliminary study on paratuberculosis, small ruminant lentivirus, and co-infection in Emilia Romagna flocks." Open Veterinary Journal 15.7 (2025), 3223-3230. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mondo, E., Scarpellini, . R., Esposito, . E., Roccaro, . M., Pusinich, . L., Piermatteo, . S. & Piva, . S. (2025) Preliminary study on paratuberculosis, small ruminant lentivirus, and co-infection in Emilia Romagna flocks. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (7), 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


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