E-ISSN 2218-6050 | ISSN 2226-4485
 
2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 5
15 / 5Current Issue ArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

OVJ Manuscript Submissio Form

Research Article


Fertility failure of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in dairy cows associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance, vulvar and vaginal hyperplasia, acute phase protein production, and histopathological changes

Yahia A. Amin, Samer S. Fouad, Rana A. Ali, Mariam A. Fawy, Seham A. Mobarak, Abdellah Hassan Mahmoud, Amna H. M. Nour.


Abstract
Background:
The majority of neoplasms affect bovine species, and the most common are squamous cell carcinomas in sheep, goats, and cattle. Neoplasm of the vulva and vagina in dairy cattle undergo widespread in dairy herds.

Aim:
This study aimed to examine the effects of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) on the fertility of dairy cows by investigating changes in reproductive hormones and vaginal and vulvar tissue. In addition, acute phase protein (APP) production and histopathological changes were also investigated to evaluate their relationship with tumor production and to assess their diagnostic and prognostic value.

Methods:
Twenty dairy cows were divided into two equal groups: the diseased group, which suffered from vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma and known as vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma group (VSCCG), and the healthy group, which served as the normal control group (NCG). Sera were used to evaluate reproductive hormones (progesterone, estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone) and acute phase proteins (APPs), such as serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), C-reactive protein (CRP), and creatine kinase (CK). Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical investigations [S100, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] of the vaginal tissue were performed.

Results:
Results revealed that VSCCG exhibits a significant increase in the levels of reproductive hormones compared with NCG. APP investigation showed a significant rise in the levels of SAA, Hp, Cp, CRP, and CK in diseased cows compared with healthy cows. Histological investigation revealed that the vaginal mucosa from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cows indicated the presence of dense squamous epithelial cell invasion and variant keratin pearls. The neoplastic cells appeared as large, polyhedral cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. Additionally, koilocytic and atypical mitosis were noted. Immunohistochemical analysis of S100, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) shows very strong positive reactions in diseased cows.

Conclusion:
The present study revealed that VSCC is associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance and a rise in APP production, which are responsible for fertility failure and may even lead to sudden death.

Key words: Fertility failure, Reproductive hormones, Vulva and vagina, Squamous cell carcinoma, Acute phase protein


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Yahia A. Amin
Articles by Samer S. Fouad
Articles by Rana A. Ali
Articles by Mariam A. Fawy
Articles by Seham A. Mobarak
Articles by Abdellah Hassan Mahmoud
Articles by Amna H. M. Nour
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Amin YA, Fouad SS, Ali RA, Fawy MA, Mobarak SA, Mahmoud AH, Nour AHM. Fertility failure of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in dairy cows associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance, vulvar and vaginal hyperplasia, acute phase protein production, and histopathological changes. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(5): 2238-2250. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.41

Web Style

Amin YA, Fouad SS, Ali RA, Fawy MA, Mobarak SA, Mahmoud AH, Nour AHM. Fertility failure of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in dairy cows associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance, vulvar and vaginal hyperplasia, acute phase protein production, and histopathological changes. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=248812 [Access: June 06, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.41

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Amin YA, Fouad SS, Ali RA, Fawy MA, Mobarak SA, Mahmoud AH, Nour AHM. Fertility failure of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in dairy cows associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance, vulvar and vaginal hyperplasia, acute phase protein production, and histopathological changes. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(5): 2238-2250. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.41


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Amin YA, Fouad SS, Ali RA, Fawy MA, Mobarak SA, Mahmoud AH, Nour AHM. Fertility failure of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in dairy cows associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance, vulvar and vaginal hyperplasia, acute phase protein production, and histopathological changes. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited June 06, 2025]; 15(5): 2238-2250. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.41


Harvard Style

Amin, Y. A., Fouad, . S. S., Ali, . R. A., Fawy, . M. A., Mobarak, . S. A., Mahmoud, . A. H. & Nour, . A. H. M. (2025) Fertility failure of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in dairy cows associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance, vulvar and vaginal hyperplasia, acute phase protein production, and histopathological changes. Open Vet J, 15 (5), 2238-2250. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.41


Turabian Style

Amin, Yahia A., Samer S. Fouad, Rana A. Ali, Mariam A. Fawy, Seham A. Mobarak, Abdellah Hassan Mahmoud, and Amna H. M. Nour. 2025. Fertility failure of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in dairy cows associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance, vulvar and vaginal hyperplasia, acute phase protein production, and histopathological changes. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (5), 2238-2250. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.41


Chicago Style

Amin, Yahia A., Samer S. Fouad, Rana A. Ali, Mariam A. Fawy, Seham A. Mobarak, Abdellah Hassan Mahmoud, and Amna H. M. Nour. "Fertility failure of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in dairy cows associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance, vulvar and vaginal hyperplasia, acute phase protein production, and histopathological changes." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 2238-2250. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.41


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Amin, Yahia A., Samer S. Fouad, Rana A. Ali, Mariam A. Fawy, Seham A. Mobarak, Abdellah Hassan Mahmoud, and Amna H. M. Nour. "Fertility failure of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in dairy cows associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance, vulvar and vaginal hyperplasia, acute phase protein production, and histopathological changes." Open Veterinary Journal 15.5 (2025), 2238-2250. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.41


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Amin, Y. A., Fouad, . S. S., Ali, . R. A., Fawy, . M. A., Mobarak, . S. A., Mahmoud, . A. H. & Nour, . A. H. M. (2025) Fertility failure of vulvar and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in dairy cows associated with reproductive hormonal disturbance, vulvar and vaginal hyperplasia, acute phase protein production, and histopathological changes. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (5), 2238-2250. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.41


Author LoginReviewer LoginAbout PublisherPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice StatementConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyTerms of UseLicense InformationCopyright Information

About Open Veterinary Journal

Open Veterinary Journal provides a fast track coupled with high quality peer review process for original research articles, review articles, short communi ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information

All correspondence should be addressed to:

Prof. Ibrahim Eldaghayes: Owner, Founder and Editor-in-Chief

Open Veterinary Journal


Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli

P.O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya

and


Eldaghayes Publisher

www.eldaghayes.com 

Email: ibrahim.eldaghayes@vetmed.edu.ly