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Research Article 


Comparison of aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different endodontic paper point brands in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Isabela Canto, André Saldanha, Claudia Sayuri Saçaki, Fabiano Montiani-ferreira.


Abstract
Background:
The evaluation of aqueous tear film production in laboratory rodents is limited by the small palpebral fissure and globe size.

Aim:
This study aimed to compare aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different commercially available endodontic paper points (EPPs) in laboratory rats.

Methods:
Aqueous tear production was measured in 22 adult Rattus norvegicus using six size-30 EPP brands applied for 15 and 60 s. Brand comparisons were performed at each time point using the Friedman test with multiplicity-adjusted post hoc comparisons. Paired time comparisons (15 vs. 60 s) were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The effect size was reported as r (Z/√N). The central 90% reference intervals (5th–95th percentile) were calculated for each brand and time point.

Results:
Brand-related differences were identified at 15 s (Friedman χ² = 38.56; p = 2.91 × 10⁻⁷) and 60 s (Friedman χ²= 31.79; p = 6.55 × 10⁻⁶). Measurements were higher at 60 s than at 15 s for all brands (all p ≤ 0.0057; all r ≥ 0.589). The values ranged from 4.39 ± 0.83 to 6.50 ± 1.46 mm at 15 s and from 6.73 ± 1.91 to 10.45 ± 3.00 mm at 60 s.

Conclusion:
EPPs are practical, simple, and minimally invasive tools for evaluating aqueous tear film in laboratory rats; however, to ensure reproducibility and accurate interpretation, brand-specific and time-specific reference intervals are recommended.

Key words: Aqueous tear production test; Endodontic paper points; Laboratory rats; Tear film; Veterinary ophthalmology.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Canto I, Saldanha A, Sacaki CS, Montiani-ferreira F. Comparison of aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different endodontic paper point brands in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.16

Web Style

Canto I, Saldanha A, Sacaki CS, Montiani-ferreira F. Comparison of aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different endodontic paper point brands in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=291595 [Access: June 05, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.16

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Canto I, Saldanha A, Sacaki CS, Montiani-ferreira F. Comparison of aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different endodontic paper point brands in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.16


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Canto I, Saldanha A, Sacaki CS, Montiani-ferreira F. Comparison of aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different endodontic paper point brands in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.16


Harvard Style

Canto, I., Saldanha, . A., Sacaki, . C. S. & Montiani-ferreira, . F. (2026) Comparison of aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different endodontic paper point brands in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.16


Turabian Style

Canto, Isabela, André Saldanha, Claudia Sayuri Sacaki, and Fabiano Montiani-ferreira. 2026. Comparison of aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different endodontic paper point brands in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.16


Chicago Style

Canto, Isabela, André Saldanha, Claudia Sayuri Sacaki, and Fabiano Montiani-ferreira. "Comparison of aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different endodontic paper point brands in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus)." doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.16


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Canto, Isabela, André Saldanha, Claudia Sayuri Sacaki, and Fabiano Montiani-ferreira. "Comparison of aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different endodontic paper point brands in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus)." doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.16


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Canto, I., Saldanha, . A., Sacaki, . C. S. & Montiani-ferreira, . F. (2026) Comparison of aqueous tear film measurements obtained using different endodontic paper point brands in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i6.16


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