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2023, Vol: 13, Issue: 3
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Original Article


Molecular characterization of norovirus and sapovirus detected in animals and humans in Costa Rica: Zoo-anthropozoonotic potential of human norovirus GII.4

Derling José Pichardo Matamoros, Cristina Solís Worsfold, Rocío Cortés Campos, Hilda María Bolaños Acuña, Elena Campos Chacón, Carlos Francisco Jiménez Sánchez.

Abstract
Background: Noroviruses (NoV) and sapoviruses (SaV) are a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, as well as gastrointestinal infection in animals. However, it has not been determined whether these viruses are zoonotic pathogens.
Aim: In this study, we investigated the presence of NoV and SaV in stool samples from dogs, pigs, cows, and humans to determine some aspects of the molecular epidemiology and the genetic relationship of several strains present in these species.
Methods: Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of NoV and SaV strains present in stool samples from humans and dogs with diarrhea, pigs and cattle with and without diarrhea were carried out during fragmented periods from 2002 to 2012.
Results: Of all samples analyzed, 11.6% (123/1,061) of the samples were positive for NoV and 0.88% (9/1,023) were positive for SaV. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed 16 human strains of NoV (HuNoV) belonging to HuNoV G?/GII.P2 (1), GII.4/GII.P4 (5), G?/GII.P4 (9) and GII.6/GII.P6 (1) and allowed us to verify and assign three strains of human SaV to genotypes GI.2 (1) and GII.5 (2). In dogs, eight strains of NoV [HuNoV G?/GII.P4 (4) and canine G?/GVI.P1 (4)] and two strains of canine SaV were determined. In pigs, six strains were assigned to HuNoV G?/GII.P4 and four strains to porcine SaV were assigned to genogroup GIII (2), GVIII (1), and GXI (1). In bovines, five strains were characterized as HuNoV G?/GII.P4.
Conclusions: This study showed that NoV and SaV prototype strains have been present in humans and dogs in Costa Rica. Additionally, it revealed that the zoonotic potential of SaV is very limited, while the zoonotic implications for HuNoV GII.4 are stronger due to the simultaneous circulation of strains related to HuNoV GII.4 in four species, which suggests a zoo-anthropozoonosis.

Key words: Costa Rica, Norovirus, Phylogeny, Sapovirus, Zoonosis


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Matamoros DJP, Worsfold CS, Campos RC, Acuña HMB, Chacón EC, Sánchez CFJ. Molecular characterization of norovirus and sapovirus detected in animals and humans in Costa Rica: Zoo-anthropozoonotic potential of human norovirus GII.4. Open Vet J. 2023; 13(1): 74-89. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.8

Web Style

Matamoros DJP, Worsfold CS, Campos RC, Acuña HMB, Chacón EC, Sánchez CFJ. Molecular characterization of norovirus and sapovirus detected in animals and humans in Costa Rica: Zoo-anthropozoonotic potential of human norovirus GII.4. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=53859 [Access: March 29, 2023]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.8

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Matamoros DJP, Worsfold CS, Campos RC, Acuña HMB, Chacón EC, Sánchez CFJ. Molecular characterization of norovirus and sapovirus detected in animals and humans in Costa Rica: Zoo-anthropozoonotic potential of human norovirus GII.4. Open Vet J. 2023; 13(1): 74-89. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.8


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Matamoros DJP, Worsfold CS, Campos RC, Acuña HMB, Chacón EC, Sánchez CFJ. Molecular characterization of norovirus and sapovirus detected in animals and humans in Costa Rica: Zoo-anthropozoonotic potential of human norovirus GII.4. Open Vet J. (2023), [cited March 29, 2023]; 13(1): 74-89. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.8


Harvard Style

Matamoros, D. J. P., Worsfold, . C. S., Campos, . R. C., Acuña, . H. M. B., Chacón, . E. C. & Sánchez, . C. F. J. (2023) Molecular characterization of norovirus and sapovirus detected in animals and humans in Costa Rica: Zoo-anthropozoonotic potential of human norovirus GII.4. Open Vet J, 13 (1), 74-89. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.8


Turabian Style

Matamoros, Derling José Pichardo, Cristina Solís Worsfold, Rocío Cortés Campos, Hilda María Bolaños Acuña, Elena Campos Chacón, and Carlos Francisco Jiménez Sánchez. 2023. Molecular characterization of norovirus and sapovirus detected in animals and humans in Costa Rica: Zoo-anthropozoonotic potential of human norovirus GII.4. Open Veterinary Journal, 13 (1), 74-89. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.8


Chicago Style

Matamoros, Derling José Pichardo, Cristina Solís Worsfold, Rocío Cortés Campos, Hilda María Bolaños Acuña, Elena Campos Chacón, and Carlos Francisco Jiménez Sánchez. "Molecular characterization of norovirus and sapovirus detected in animals and humans in Costa Rica: Zoo-anthropozoonotic potential of human norovirus GII.4." Open Veterinary Journal 13 (2023), 74-89. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.8


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Matamoros, Derling José Pichardo, Cristina Solís Worsfold, Rocío Cortés Campos, Hilda María Bolaños Acuña, Elena Campos Chacón, and Carlos Francisco Jiménez Sánchez. "Molecular characterization of norovirus and sapovirus detected in animals and humans in Costa Rica: Zoo-anthropozoonotic potential of human norovirus GII.4." Open Veterinary Journal 13.1 (2023), 74-89. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.8


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Matamoros, D. J. P., Worsfold, . C. S., Campos, . R. C., Acuña, . H. M. B., Chacón, . E. C. & Sánchez, . C. F. J. (2023) Molecular characterization of norovirus and sapovirus detected in animals and humans in Costa Rica: Zoo-anthropozoonotic potential of human norovirus GII.4. Open Veterinary Journal, 13 (1), 74-89. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.8


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