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Research Article


Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study

Essam S. Almutleb, GAMAL A. EL-HITI, Abdulmalik N. Alshulayyil, Abdullah D. Alghamdi, Meznah S. Almutairi, Mashaaer A. Baashen, Basal H. Altoaimi, Saud A. Alanazi, Ali M. Masmali.


Abstract
Background:
Maintaining a stable tear film is crucial for having healthy human and animal vision. Animals are expected to have thicker lipid layers than humans due to living in high-temperature and humid environments.
Aim:
The study aimed to evaluate the lipid layer patterns (LLP) in Arabian dogs and rabbits using a non-invasive, practical, and easy-to-use device and compare them to humans with healthy eyes.
Methods:
The study included 75 domestic Arabian dogs (42 males and 33 females; mean ± SD = 6.1 ± 12.7 months) and 75 rabbits (37 males and 38 females; mean ± SD = 3.1 ± 3.4 months). Additionally, 75 individuals with healthy eyes (39 males and 36 females; mean ± SD = 25.7 ± 5.0 years) were included for comparison. EASYTEAR View+ assessed the LLP in each animal's and individual's right eye.
Results:
The median LLP grades significantly differed between dogs and humans (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.001). Similarly, the LLP grades differed significantly between rabbits and humans (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.001). No significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test) in the LLP grades between dogs and rabbits was found. The analysis indicated that most dogs had either an A (34.7%) or a B grade (37.3%). Similarly, rabbits had predominantly A or 1 (46.7%) and B (30.7%) grades. On the other hand, humans had predominantly D (53.3%) and E (30.7%) grades.
Conclusion:
The EASYTEAR View+ has been employed to assess lipid layer patterns in dogs and rabbits, and the measurements were compared to those of humans with normal ocular health. Dogs and rabbits have thinner lipid layers than healthy humans.

Key words: dogs, rabbits, tear film, lipid layer patterns, dry eye


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

ESA, EL-HITI GA, Alshulayyil AN, Alghamdi AD, Almutairi MS, Baashen MA, Altoaimi BH, Alanazi SA, Masmali AM. Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(3): 879-884. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.15

Web Style

ESA, EL-HITI GA, Alshulayyil AN, Alghamdi AD, Almutairi MS, Baashen MA, Altoaimi BH, Alanazi SA, Masmali AM. Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=183416 [Access: April 21, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.15

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

ESA, EL-HITI GA, Alshulayyil AN, Alghamdi AD, Almutairi MS, Baashen MA, Altoaimi BH, Alanazi SA, Masmali AM. Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(3): 879-884. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.15


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

ESA, EL-HITI GA, Alshulayyil AN, Alghamdi AD, Almutairi MS, Baashen MA, Altoaimi BH, Alanazi SA, Masmali AM. Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited April 21, 2024]; 14(3): 879-884. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.15


Harvard Style

, E. S. A., EL-HITI, . G. A., Alshulayyil, . A. N., Alghamdi, . A. D., Almutairi, . M. S., Baashen, . M. A., Altoaimi, . B. H., Alanazi, . S. A. & Masmali, . A. M. (2024) Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study. Open Vet J, 14 (3), 879-884. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.15


Turabian Style

, Essam S. Almutleb, GAMAL A. EL-HITI, Abdulmalik N. Alshulayyil, Abdullah D. Alghamdi, Meznah S. Almutairi, Mashaaer A. Baashen, Basal H. Altoaimi, Saud A. Alanazi, and Ali M. Masmali. 2024. Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (3), 879-884. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.15


Chicago Style

, Essam S. Almutleb, GAMAL A. EL-HITI, Abdulmalik N. Alshulayyil, Abdullah D. Alghamdi, Meznah S. Almutairi, Mashaaer A. Baashen, Basal H. Altoaimi, Saud A. Alanazi, and Ali M. Masmali. "Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 879-884. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.15


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

, Essam S. Almutleb, GAMAL A. EL-HITI, Abdulmalik N. Alshulayyil, Abdullah D. Alghamdi, Meznah S. Almutairi, Mashaaer A. Baashen, Basal H. Altoaimi, Saud A. Alanazi, and Ali M. Masmali. "Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study." Open Veterinary Journal 14.3 (2024), 879-884. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.15


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

, E. S. A., EL-HITI, . G. A., Alshulayyil, . A. N., Alghamdi, . A. D., Almutairi, . M. S., Baashen, . M. A., Altoaimi, . B. H., Alanazi, . S. A. & Masmali, . A. M. (2024) Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (3), 879-884. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.15


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