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Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024

Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi, Olugbenga Olayinka Alaka, Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa, Clement A. Meseko, Bitrus Inuwa, Obokparo Godspower Ohore, Monsuru Tijani, Theophilus Jarikre, Olawale Ola, Christianah Odita, James Saidu Ahmed, Olusegun Fagbohun, Daniel Oluwayelu, Olufemi B. Daodu, Omolade Oladele, James Olapade, Olusegun Taiwo, Maryam Muhammad.


Abstract
Background:
After the first Avian Influenza H5N1 outbreak in Nigerian poultry in 2006, subsequent waves of outbreaks occurred, causing substantial losses. Despite effective control measures by 2008, a resurgence in 2015 led to further losses and required depopulation efforts.
Aim:
The aim of this study was to do Pathology and molecular detection of influenza A subtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria during 2024.
Methods:
In February 2024, a poultry farmer reported high mortality in his mixed commercial poultry flock in Ibadan, Nigeria, submitting carcasses to the University of Ibadan's V.T.H. and the FAO Regional Laboratory at NVRI, Vom.
Results:
Necropsy of nine Isa Brown layers and three Abor Acre broilers revealed cyanosis of comb and wattles, generalized petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages including shank haemorrhages with sinusitis, pneumonia, and severe greenish faecal pasting also observed. At histopathology, denudation of the tracheal epithelia and parabronchial epithelial necrosis, obliteration, with airsac oedema and emphysema were observed. At NVRI, qPCR detected an Influenza A H9N2 virus in several pooled organ samples of layers, and broilers and eliminating the avian infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease viruses.
Conclusion:
This is the first report of H9N2 outbreak in commercial poultry in Southern Nigeria. The high pathogenicity shown in commercial poultry in this outbreak and the risk of dispersal of infected live poultry in Nigeria as previously seen in H5N1 require stakeholders’ intervention.

Key words: Commercial poultry, LPAI H9N2 virus, Pathology, Nigeria


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Akanbi OB, Alaka OO, Olaifa OS, Meseko CA, Inuwa B, Ohore OG, Tijani M, Jarikre T, Ola O, Odita C, Ahmed JS, Fagbohun O, Oluwayelu D, Daodu OB, Oladele O, Olapade J, Taiwo O, Muhammad M. Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(9): 2381-2391. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26

Web Style

Akanbi OB, Alaka OO, Olaifa OS, Meseko CA, Inuwa B, Ohore OG, Tijani M, Jarikre T, Ola O, Odita C, Ahmed JS, Fagbohun O, Oluwayelu D, Daodu OB, Oladele O, Olapade J, Taiwo O, Muhammad M. Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=204059 [Access: November 07, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Akanbi OB, Alaka OO, Olaifa OS, Meseko CA, Inuwa B, Ohore OG, Tijani M, Jarikre T, Ola O, Odita C, Ahmed JS, Fagbohun O, Oluwayelu D, Daodu OB, Oladele O, Olapade J, Taiwo O, Muhammad M. Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(9): 2381-2391. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Akanbi OB, Alaka OO, Olaifa OS, Meseko CA, Inuwa B, Ohore OG, Tijani M, Jarikre T, Ola O, Odita C, Ahmed JS, Fagbohun O, Oluwayelu D, Daodu OB, Oladele O, Olapade J, Taiwo O, Muhammad M. Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited November 07, 2024]; 14(9): 2381-2391. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26


Harvard Style

Akanbi, O. B., Alaka, . O. O., Olaifa, . O. S., Meseko, . C. A., Inuwa, . B., Ohore, . O. G., Tijani, . M., Jarikre, . T., Ola, . O., Odita, . C., Ahmed, . J. S., Fagbohun, . O., Oluwayelu, . D., Daodu, . O. B., Oladele, . O., Olapade, . J., Taiwo, . O. & Muhammad, . M. (2024) Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024. Open Vet J, 14 (9), 2381-2391. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26


Turabian Style

Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde, Olugbenga Olayinka Alaka, Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa, Clement A. Meseko, Bitrus Inuwa, Obokparo Godspower Ohore, Monsuru Tijani, Theophilus Jarikre, Olawale Ola, Christianah Odita, James Saidu Ahmed, Olusegun Fagbohun, Daniel Oluwayelu, Olufemi B. Daodu, Omolade Oladele, James Olapade, Olusegun Taiwo, and Maryam Muhammad. 2024. Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (9), 2381-2391. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26


Chicago Style

Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde, Olugbenga Olayinka Alaka, Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa, Clement A. Meseko, Bitrus Inuwa, Obokparo Godspower Ohore, Monsuru Tijani, Theophilus Jarikre, Olawale Ola, Christianah Odita, James Saidu Ahmed, Olusegun Fagbohun, Daniel Oluwayelu, Olufemi B. Daodu, Omolade Oladele, James Olapade, Olusegun Taiwo, and Maryam Muhammad. "Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 2381-2391. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde, Olugbenga Olayinka Alaka, Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa, Clement A. Meseko, Bitrus Inuwa, Obokparo Godspower Ohore, Monsuru Tijani, Theophilus Jarikre, Olawale Ola, Christianah Odita, James Saidu Ahmed, Olusegun Fagbohun, Daniel Oluwayelu, Olufemi B. Daodu, Omolade Oladele, James Olapade, Olusegun Taiwo, and Maryam Muhammad. "Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024." Open Veterinary Journal 14.9 (2024), 2381-2391. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Akanbi, O. B., Alaka, . O. O., Olaifa, . O. S., Meseko, . C. A., Inuwa, . B., Ohore, . O. G., Tijani, . M., Jarikre, . T., Ola, . O., Odita, . C., Ahmed, . J. S., Fagbohun, . O., Oluwayelu, . D., Daodu, . O. B., Oladele, . O., Olapade, . J., Taiwo, . O. & Muhammad, . M. (2024) Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (9), 2381-2391. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26


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