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Review Article


A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health

Dewa Ketut Meles, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Wurlina Wurlina, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Niluh Suwasanti, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Satriawan Wedniyanto Putra, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Syahputra Wibowo, Ricadonna Raissa, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Syafiadi Rizki Abdila, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ima Fauziah.


Abstract
Paratuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Typically, ruminant animals including cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep are infected with MAP. Animals get infected with MAP in a number of ways, such as by eating or drinking contaminated food or water, or by nursing from an infected mother who may have contaminated teats or directly shed the organism in milk or colostrum. Animal-derived goods like meat, dairy, and tainted surface water have the potential to spread paratuberculosis through zoonotic transmission. Reports of paratuberculosis have been received from United States, Oceania, Asia, and Africa, in addition to several European nations like Germany, Italy, and France. Paratuberculosis pathology is characterized by chronic lymphangitis, chronic enteritis, or mesenteric lymphadenopathy. In animals, wasting and watery green diarrhea are the major signs. There are two kinds of paratuberculosis diagnostic tests that are available; the goal of the first set of tests is to identify MAP while the second set consists of immunological tests. Due to similar clinical signs, some forms of the illness, such as wasting and watery green diarrhea, may be mistaken for paratuberculosis. Crohn's disease has been linked to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis as the etiological culprit in humans. To prevent the infection from spreading to uninfected animal populations, drastic measures must be implemented. Despite the economic burden of paratuberculosis, research aimed at developing therapeutic medicines is focused on public health rather than veterinary uses. This review therefore focuses on a comprehensive detail of paratuberculosis in animals, including its public health implications and economic impact.

Key words: Diarrhea, Intestines, MAP, Paratuberculosis, Public health


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Khairullah AR, Wurlina W, Mustofa RI, Suwasanti N, Akintunde AO, Putra SW, Kusala MKJ, Moses IB, Wibowo S, Raissa R, Fauzia KA, Abdila SR, Yanestria SM, Fauziah I. A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(11): 2731-2744. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.2

Web Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Khairullah AR, Wurlina W, Mustofa RI, Suwasanti N, Akintunde AO, Putra SW, Kusala MKJ, Moses IB, Wibowo S, Raissa R, Fauzia KA, Abdila SR, Yanestria SM, Fauziah I. A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=207810 [Access: December 06, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.2

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Khairullah AR, Wurlina W, Mustofa RI, Suwasanti N, Akintunde AO, Putra SW, Kusala MKJ, Moses IB, Wibowo S, Raissa R, Fauzia KA, Abdila SR, Yanestria SM, Fauziah I. A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(11): 2731-2744. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.2


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Khairullah AR, Wurlina W, Mustofa RI, Suwasanti N, Akintunde AO, Putra SW, Kusala MKJ, Moses IB, Wibowo S, Raissa R, Fauzia KA, Abdila SR, Yanestria SM, Fauziah I. A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited December 06, 2024]; 14(11): 2731-2744. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.2


Harvard Style

Meles, D. K., Mustofa, . I., Khairullah, . A. R., Wurlina, . W., Mustofa, . R. I., Suwasanti, . N., Akintunde, . A. O., Putra, . S. W., Kusala, . M. K. J., Moses, . I. B., Wibowo, . S., Raissa, . R., Fauzia, . K. A., Abdila, . S. R., Yanestria, . S. M. & Fauziah, . I. (2024) A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health. Open Vet J, 14 (11), 2731-2744. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.2


Turabian Style

Meles, Dewa Ketut, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Wurlina Wurlina, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Niluh Suwasanti, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Satriawan Wedniyanto Putra, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Syahputra Wibowo, Ricadonna Raissa, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Syafiadi Rizki Abdila, Sheila Marty Yanestria, and Ima Fauziah. 2024. A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (11), 2731-2744. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.2


Chicago Style

Meles, Dewa Ketut, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Wurlina Wurlina, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Niluh Suwasanti, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Satriawan Wedniyanto Putra, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Syahputra Wibowo, Ricadonna Raissa, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Syafiadi Rizki Abdila, Sheila Marty Yanestria, and Ima Fauziah. "A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 2731-2744. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.2


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Meles, Dewa Ketut, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Wurlina Wurlina, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Niluh Suwasanti, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Satriawan Wedniyanto Putra, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Syahputra Wibowo, Ricadonna Raissa, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Syafiadi Rizki Abdila, Sheila Marty Yanestria, and Ima Fauziah. "A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health." Open Veterinary Journal 14.11 (2024), 2731-2744. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.2


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Meles, D. K., Mustofa, . I., Khairullah, . A. R., Wurlina, . W., Mustofa, . R. I., Suwasanti, . N., Akintunde, . A. O., Putra, . S. W., Kusala, . M. K. J., Moses, . I. B., Wibowo, . S., Raissa, . R., Fauzia, . K. A., Abdila, . S. R., Yanestria, . S. M. & Fauziah, . I. (2024) A comprehensive review of paratuberculosis in animals and its implications for public health. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (11), 2731-2744. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.2


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