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Research Article


Antibacterial activity of camel colostrum against pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli F17-associated with calf diarrhea

Salma Bessalah, Asim Faraz, Ayman Balla Mustafa, Syeda Maryam Hussain, Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed, Chanda Liaqat, Waqas Ashraf, Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Arslan Akbar, Mohamed Hammadi.


Abstract
Background:
Many protective proteins, including lactoferrin and heavy chain antibodies, are present in camel colostrum, giving it a distinctive composition. Beyond a broad spectrum of pathogens, these proteins demonstrate antibacterial properties.

Aim:
The current research assessed the prophylactic properties of camel colostrum against Escherichia coli F17.

Methods:
A microbroth dilution method was employed to assess the efficacy of camel colostrum, whereas a crystal violet assay was utilised to determine its antibiofilm potential. Extracellular deoxyribonuclease acid (eDNA) release, swarming, and swimming motilities were also examined.

Results:
The results showed that camel colostrum significantly reduced E. coli-F17 growth by 70% and above at different incubation periods (6 - 24h). The rate of cell attachment gradually decreased from approximately 40% to 24% as the concentration increased from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. E. coli-F17 developed a biofilm at a rate of 54.8% when exposed to 50 mg/mL of camel colostrum. In contrast, the greatest level of biofilm formation against the tested bacteria (94%) was observed at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL. A halo zone of camel colostrum ranging from 10 to less than 30 mm at concentrations between 6 and 50 mg/mL also inhibited swimming and swarming capabilities. The treated cells yielded no eDNA.

Conclusion:
According to these results, camel colostrum inhibits the growth of E. coli-F17 by impeding the swarming and swimming motilities, and biofilm formation. Additionally, camel colostrum incubation with E. coli-F17 diminishes eDNA. To evaluate the potential protective effects of camel colostrum in an animal model, additional research is recommended.

Key words: Biofilm, Camel colostrum, Calf diarrhea, Diarrheagenic bacterial pathogen, eDNA


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Bessalah S, Faraz A, Mustafa AB, Hussain SM, Saeed SI, Liaqat C, Ashraf W, Iqbal ZM, Akbar MA, Hammadi M. Antibacterial activity of camel colostrum against pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli F17-associated with calf diarrhea. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(11): 2883-2892. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.17

Web Style

Bessalah S, Faraz A, Mustafa AB, Hussain SM, Saeed SI, Liaqat C, Ashraf W, Iqbal ZM, Akbar MA, Hammadi M. Antibacterial activity of camel colostrum against pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli F17-associated with calf diarrhea. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=215166 [Access: December 06, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.17

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Bessalah S, Faraz A, Mustafa AB, Hussain SM, Saeed SI, Liaqat C, Ashraf W, Iqbal ZM, Akbar MA, Hammadi M. Antibacterial activity of camel colostrum against pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli F17-associated with calf diarrhea. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(11): 2883-2892. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.17


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Bessalah S, Faraz A, Mustafa AB, Hussain SM, Saeed SI, Liaqat C, Ashraf W, Iqbal ZM, Akbar MA, Hammadi M. Antibacterial activity of camel colostrum against pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli F17-associated with calf diarrhea. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited December 06, 2024]; 14(11): 2883-2892. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.17


Harvard Style

Bessalah, S., Faraz, . A., Mustafa, . A. B., Hussain, . S. M., Saeed, . S. I., Liaqat, . C., Ashraf, . W., Iqbal, . Z. M., Akbar, . M. A. & Hammadi, . M. (2024) Antibacterial activity of camel colostrum against pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli F17-associated with calf diarrhea. Open Vet J, 14 (11), 2883-2892. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.17


Turabian Style

Bessalah, Salma, Asim Faraz, Ayman Balla Mustafa, Syeda Maryam Hussain, Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed, Chanda Liaqat, Waqas Ashraf, Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Arslan Akbar, and Mohamed Hammadi. 2024. Antibacterial activity of camel colostrum against pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli F17-associated with calf diarrhea. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (11), 2883-2892. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.17


Chicago Style

Bessalah, Salma, Asim Faraz, Ayman Balla Mustafa, Syeda Maryam Hussain, Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed, Chanda Liaqat, Waqas Ashraf, Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Arslan Akbar, and Mohamed Hammadi. "Antibacterial activity of camel colostrum against pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli F17-associated with calf diarrhea." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 2883-2892. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.17


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Bessalah, Salma, Asim Faraz, Ayman Balla Mustafa, Syeda Maryam Hussain, Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed, Chanda Liaqat, Waqas Ashraf, Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Arslan Akbar, and Mohamed Hammadi. "Antibacterial activity of camel colostrum against pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli F17-associated with calf diarrhea." Open Veterinary Journal 14.11 (2024), 2883-2892. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.17


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Bessalah, S., Faraz, . A., Mustafa, . A. B., Hussain, . S. M., Saeed, . S. I., Liaqat, . C., Ashraf, . W., Iqbal, . Z. M., Akbar, . M. A. & Hammadi, . M. (2024) Antibacterial activity of camel colostrum against pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli F17-associated with calf diarrhea. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (11), 2883-2892. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.17


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