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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 2
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Research Article


The effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke

Marita Wahyunengtiyas, Amirul Amalia, Widjiati Widjiati, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Kadek Rachmawati, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Hani Plumeriastuti, Viski Fitri Hendrawan.


Abstract
Background:
Cigarette smoke is known to have harmful effects on the brain, particularly on glial cells, which play a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of the central nervous system. Nigella sativa (black cumin) has been reported to have neuroprotective properties, but its effects on glial cells in the cerebellum and cerebrum when exposed to cigarette smoke are not well understood.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the benefits of N. sativa on the number of glial cells in the cerebellum and cerebrum of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke.

Methods:
Thirty white rats weighing approximately 105 grams were divided into five groups: K (control group, no exposure to cigarette smoke and without given Nigella sativa), K+ (exposed to cigarette smoke, 2 cigarettes/day, and 0.5% CMC), and three treatment groups (P1, P2, and P3) exposed to cigarette smoke, 2 cigarettes/day, with Nigella sativa dosages of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg BW, respectively. The number of glial cells in the cerebellum and cerebrum was examined under a microscope at 400x magnification. Data were analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA test, followed by the Post Hoc Duncan test.

Results:
Significant difference (p<0.05) in the number of glial cells in both the cerebellum and cerebrum between the control and treatment groups.

Conclusion:
The administration of N. sativa, particularly at a dosage of 1200 mg/kg BW/day, significantly increased and maintained the number of glial cells in the cerebellum and cerebrum of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Key words: Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Cigarette smoke, Good health and well-being, Nigella sativa


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Wahyunengtiyas M, Amalia A, Widjiati W, Warsito SH, Rachmawati K, Hamid IS, Plumeriastuti H, Hendrawan VF. The effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(2): 709-713. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19

Web Style

Wahyunengtiyas M, Amalia A, Widjiati W, Warsito SH, Rachmawati K, Hamid IS, Plumeriastuti H, Hendrawan VF. The effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=225558 [Access: March 13, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Wahyunengtiyas M, Amalia A, Widjiati W, Warsito SH, Rachmawati K, Hamid IS, Plumeriastuti H, Hendrawan VF. The effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(2): 709-713. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Wahyunengtiyas M, Amalia A, Widjiati W, Warsito SH, Rachmawati K, Hamid IS, Plumeriastuti H, Hendrawan VF. The effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited March 13, 2025]; 15(2): 709-713. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19


Harvard Style

Wahyunengtiyas, M., Amalia, . A., Widjiati, . W., Warsito, . S. H., Rachmawati, . K., Hamid, . I. S., Plumeriastuti, . H. & Hendrawan, . V. F. (2025) The effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Open Vet J, 15 (2), 709-713. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19


Turabian Style

Wahyunengtiyas, Marita, Amirul Amalia, Widjiati Widjiati, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Kadek Rachmawati, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Hani Plumeriastuti, and Viski Fitri Hendrawan. 2025. The effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (2), 709-713. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19


Chicago Style

Wahyunengtiyas, Marita, Amirul Amalia, Widjiati Widjiati, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Kadek Rachmawati, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Hani Plumeriastuti, and Viski Fitri Hendrawan. "The effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 709-713. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Wahyunengtiyas, Marita, Amirul Amalia, Widjiati Widjiati, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Kadek Rachmawati, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Hani Plumeriastuti, and Viski Fitri Hendrawan. "The effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke." Open Veterinary Journal 15.2 (2025), 709-713. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Wahyunengtiyas, M., Amalia, . A., Widjiati, . W., Warsito, . S. H., Rachmawati, . K., Hamid, . I. S., Plumeriastuti, . H. & Hendrawan, . V. F. (2025) The effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on the number of glial cells in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (2), 709-713. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.19


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