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Research Article 


Preliminary Study on Paratuberculosis, Small Ruminant Lentivirus, and Co-infection in Emilia Ro-magna Flocks

Elisabetta Mondo, Silvia Piva, Raffaele Scarpellini, Erika Esposito, Mariana Roccaro.


Abstract
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLVs) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratu-berculosis (MAP) are major pathogens affecting sheep and goats, leading to sig-nificant economic losses and animal welfare concerns. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of SRLV e MAP seropositivity in sheep and goats in the Emilia Romagna region through a comprehensive serological examination. A total of 498 sera (392 sheep and 106 goats) were subjected to the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) method for the detection of antibodies against SRLV sero-types A, B, and E, and for the detection of antibodies against MAP. The results of serological analysis show that 81.3% of the animals were positive for at least one causative agent, of which 93% were positive for SRLV, 0.3% for MAP, and 6.6% for SRLV-MAP co-infection. Furthermore, in both SRLV-only positive and SRLV-MAP coinfected samples, genotype B was the most representative (45.7%). The results of the study showed the presence of SRLV and paratuberculosis, as well as a prevalence of SRLV-MAP co-infection, for the first time in sheep and goats in the region, as well as the prevalence of SRLV-MAP co-infection, underlying the im-portance of implementing effective measures to control the spread of pathogens in small ruminants.

Key words: Small Ruminant Lentivirus (SRLV); Paratuberculosis; co-infection; sheep; goat


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mondo E, Piva S, Scarpellini R, Esposito E, Roccaro M. Preliminary Study on Paratuberculosis, Small Ruminant Lentivirus, and Co-infection in Emilia Ro-magna Flocks. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(7): 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33

Web Style

Mondo E, Piva S, Scarpellini R, Esposito E, Roccaro M. Preliminary Study on Paratuberculosis, Small Ruminant Lentivirus, and Co-infection in Emilia Ro-magna Flocks. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=242136 [Access: August 16, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mondo E, Piva S, Scarpellini R, Esposito E, Roccaro M. Preliminary Study on Paratuberculosis, Small Ruminant Lentivirus, and Co-infection in Emilia Ro-magna Flocks. Open Vet J. 2025; 15(7): 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mondo E, Piva S, Scarpellini R, Esposito E, Roccaro M. Preliminary Study on Paratuberculosis, Small Ruminant Lentivirus, and Co-infection in Emilia Ro-magna Flocks. Open Vet J. (2025), [cited August 16, 2025]; 15(7): 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


Harvard Style

Mondo, E., Piva, . S., Scarpellini, . R., Esposito, . E. & Roccaro, . M. (2025) Preliminary Study on Paratuberculosis, Small Ruminant Lentivirus, and Co-infection in Emilia Ro-magna Flocks. Open Vet J, 15 (7), 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


Turabian Style

Mondo, Elisabetta, Silvia Piva, Raffaele Scarpellini, Erika Esposito, and Mariana Roccaro. 2025. Preliminary Study on Paratuberculosis, Small Ruminant Lentivirus, and Co-infection in Emilia Ro-magna Flocks. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (7), 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


Chicago Style

Mondo, Elisabetta, Silvia Piva, Raffaele Scarpellini, Erika Esposito, and Mariana Roccaro. "Preliminary Study on Paratuberculosis, Small Ruminant Lentivirus, and Co-infection in Emilia Ro-magna Flocks." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mondo, Elisabetta, Silvia Piva, Raffaele Scarpellini, Erika Esposito, and Mariana Roccaro. "Preliminary Study on Paratuberculosis, Small Ruminant Lentivirus, and Co-infection in Emilia Ro-magna Flocks." Open Veterinary Journal 15.7 (2025), 3223-3230. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mondo, E., Piva, . S., Scarpellini, . R., Esposito, . E. & Roccaro, . M. (2025) Preliminary Study on Paratuberculosis, Small Ruminant Lentivirus, and Co-infection in Emilia Ro-magna Flocks. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (7), 3223-3230. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i7.33


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