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Research Article


Meta-analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence among poultry in mainland China

Wei Cheng, Mingfeng Chu, Huiying Zhang, Yuchen Liang, Honghai Wang, Shuiyun Chen, Yiwei Wang, Mengke Si, Xiaoyu Zhong, Baolei Yang, Xuelong Chen, Yanping Qi.


Abstract
Background:
Newcastle disease is an extremely contagious and economically damaging poultry disease caused by Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (NDV), a member of Paramyxoviridae.

Aim:
This study was conducted as a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing NDV prevalence among poultry populations in mainland China.

Methods:
A total of 25 relevant epidemiological studies published between 1979 and 2023 were analyzed following the MOOSE guidelines.

Results:
Our meta-analysis revealed an overall NDV prevalence of 2.17% (95% CI:1.95–2.42%) with significant heterogeneity (I² = 97.1%, p < 0.001). Southern China exhibited the highest individual study prevalence, while southwestern regions reported the lowest (0.32%). No aggregated regional prevalence exceeded 10%, suggesting localized outbreaks. Prevalence decreased from 3.19% (prior to 2013) to 1.03% (post-2013 era), reflecting improved biosecurity and vaccination. RT-PCR-based studies showed lower heterogeneity (I² = 89.5%) compared to serological assays (I² = 97.1%), highlighting the challenges in comparing prevalence estimates across different diagnostic methods and underscoring the need for standardized diagnostics emphasizing the need for standardized diagnostics. Publication Bias: Funnel plot asymmetry indicated underrepresentation of small-scale studies (p = 0.003).

Conclusion:
These results highlight persistent NDV challenges in high-density poultry areas (e.g., southern China) and underscore the importance of molecular diagnostics (RT-PCR) for accurate surveillance. Given persistent hotspots in high-density poultry areas (e.g., Guangdong), targeted vaccination and region-specific biosecurity measures are critical to mitigating NDV transmission.

Key words: Systematic review; Newcastle Disease Virus; China; Epidemiology; Poultry.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Cheng W, Chu M, Zhang H, Liang Y, Wang H, Chen S, Wang Y, Si M, Zhong X, Yang B, Chen X, Qi Y. Meta-analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence among poultry in mainland China. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(9): 4382-4392. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.45

Web Style

Cheng W, Chu M, Zhang H, Liang Y, Wang H, Chen S, Wang Y, Si M, Zhong X, Yang B, Chen X, Qi Y. Meta-analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence among poultry in mainland China. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=256396 [Access: October 07, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.45

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Cheng W, Chu M, Zhang H, Liang Y, Wang H, Chen S, Wang Y, Si M, Zhong X, Yang B, Chen X, Qi Y. Meta-analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence among poultry in mainland China. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(9): 4382-4392. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.45


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Cheng W, Chu M, Zhang H, Liang Y, Wang H, Chen S, Wang Y, Si M, Zhong X, Yang B, Chen X, Qi Y. Meta-analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence among poultry in mainland China. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited October 07, 2025]; 15(9): 4382-4392. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.45


Harvard Style

Cheng, W., Chu, . M., Zhang, . H., Liang, . Y., Wang, . H., Chen, . S., Wang, . Y., Si, . M., Zhong, . X., Yang, . B., Chen, . X. & Qi, . Y. (2025) Meta-analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence among poultry in mainland China. Open Vet. J., 15 (9), 4382-4392. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.45


Turabian Style

Cheng, Wei, Mingfeng Chu, Huiying Zhang, Yuchen Liang, Honghai Wang, Shuiyun Chen, Yiwei Wang, Mengke Si, Xiaoyu Zhong, Baolei Yang, Xuelong Chen, and Yanping Qi. 2025. Meta-analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence among poultry in mainland China. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (9), 4382-4392. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.45


Chicago Style

Cheng, Wei, Mingfeng Chu, Huiying Zhang, Yuchen Liang, Honghai Wang, Shuiyun Chen, Yiwei Wang, Mengke Si, Xiaoyu Zhong, Baolei Yang, Xuelong Chen, and Yanping Qi. "Meta-analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence among poultry in mainland China." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 4382-4392. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.45


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Cheng, Wei, Mingfeng Chu, Huiying Zhang, Yuchen Liang, Honghai Wang, Shuiyun Chen, Yiwei Wang, Mengke Si, Xiaoyu Zhong, Baolei Yang, Xuelong Chen, and Yanping Qi. "Meta-analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence among poultry in mainland China." Open Veterinary Journal 15.9 (2025), 4382-4392. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.45


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Cheng, W., Chu, . M., Zhang, . H., Liang, . Y., Wang, . H., Chen, . S., Wang, . Y., Si, . M., Zhong, . X., Yang, . B., Chen, . X. & Qi, . Y. (2025) Meta-analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence among poultry in mainland China. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (9), 4382-4392. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.45


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