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Research Article


Therapeutic potential of branched-chain amino acids against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiopulmonary injuries in Wistar rats

Mariam M. Jad, Zeinab Al-amgad, Fatma A. Madkour, Hend Al-amgad, Asmaa W. Basher, Heba A. Mohammed, Abeer M. Mahmoud, Asmaa Elnagar, Ibrahim F. Rehan, František Zigo, Martina Zigová, Amany Ahmed Abd El-aziz.


Abstract
Background:
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a xenobiotic hepatotoxic agent that causes pathophysiological disorders in tissues and the liver. CCl4-induced cardiopulmonary toxicity is attributed to free radical-induced dyslipidemia and oxidative damage. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) stimulate systemic defense against oxidative stress, which is probably caused by CCl4, through an improvement in the antioxidant system.

Aim:
This study aimed to explore the therapeutic benefits of BCAAs against CCl4-induced cardiopulmonary pathologies.

Methods:
A total of 28 inclusive Wistar rats stand under control was standard; group 2 comprised CCl4-received rats, whereas groups 3 and 4 comprised CCl4-rats supplemented with two varying levels of BCAAs.

Results:
Biochemical findings indicated that CCl4 provoked a rise in glucose and cholesterol levels compared with the control. The oxidative profile suggested increased malondialdehyde level and decreased superoxide dismutase activity in the CCl4-intoxicated heart. Supplemented BCAAs downregulated dyslipidemia and restored atrial changes in antioxidant components to be close to normal. Histopathological investigations using hematoxylin-eosin stain revealed damage to the inflamed heart-lung parenchyma of CCl4-intoxicated rats. An increase in fibrosis expression was detectable, simultaneously with a deprivation of protein content in cardiopulmonary sections, as shown by Masson trichrome and bromophenol blue techniques. Co-treated BCAAs intensified cardiopulmonary integrity, inducing scarce histological fibrosis with abundant protein. Accordingly, BCAA supplementation in CCl4-treated rats mitigated complications by reducing serum toxicity, enhancing antioxidant capacity, restoring protein expression, and improving organ health.

Conclusion:
The findings support the protective role of BCAAs with antioxidant benefits against CCl4-induced damage, suggesting their potential as a therapeutic agent for cardiopulmonary pathology.

Key words: CCl4; BCAAs; Dyslipidemia; Antioxidant profile; Cardiac injury.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Jad MM, Al-amgad Z, Madkour FA, Al-amgad H, Basher AW, Mohammed HA, Mahmoud AM, Elnagar A, Rehan IF, Zigo F, Zigová M, El-aziz AAA. Therapeutic potential of branched-chain amino acids against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiopulmonary injuries in Wistar rats. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6644-6659. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.46

Web Style

Jad MM, Al-amgad Z, Madkour FA, Al-amgad H, Basher AW, Mohammed HA, Mahmoud AM, Elnagar A, Rehan IF, Zigo F, Zigová M, El-aziz AAA. Therapeutic potential of branched-chain amino acids against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiopulmonary injuries in Wistar rats. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=263834 [Access: December 31, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.46

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Jad MM, Al-amgad Z, Madkour FA, Al-amgad H, Basher AW, Mohammed HA, Mahmoud AM, Elnagar A, Rehan IF, Zigo F, Zigová M, El-aziz AAA. Therapeutic potential of branched-chain amino acids against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiopulmonary injuries in Wistar rats. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6644-6659. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.46


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Jad MM, Al-amgad Z, Madkour FA, Al-amgad H, Basher AW, Mohammed HA, Mahmoud AM, Elnagar A, Rehan IF, Zigo F, Zigová M, El-aziz AAA. Therapeutic potential of branched-chain amino acids against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiopulmonary injuries in Wistar rats. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited December 31, 2025]; 15(12): 6644-6659. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.46


Harvard Style

Jad, M. M., Al-amgad, . Z., Madkour, . F. A., Al-amgad, . H., Basher, . A. W., Mohammed, . H. A., Mahmoud, . A. M., Elnagar, . A., Rehan, . I. F., Zigo, . F., Zigová, . M. & El-aziz, . A. A. A. (2025) Therapeutic potential of branched-chain amino acids against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiopulmonary injuries in Wistar rats. Open Vet. J., 15 (12), 6644-6659. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.46


Turabian Style

Jad, Mariam M., Zeinab Al-amgad, Fatma A. Madkour, Hend Al-amgad, Asmaa W. Basher, Heba A. Mohammed, Abeer M. Mahmoud, Asmaa Elnagar, Ibrahim F. Rehan, František Zigo, Martina Zigová, and Amany Ahmed Abd El-aziz. 2025. Therapeutic potential of branched-chain amino acids against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiopulmonary injuries in Wistar rats. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6644-6659. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.46


Chicago Style

Jad, Mariam M., Zeinab Al-amgad, Fatma A. Madkour, Hend Al-amgad, Asmaa W. Basher, Heba A. Mohammed, Abeer M. Mahmoud, Asmaa Elnagar, Ibrahim F. Rehan, František Zigo, Martina Zigová, and Amany Ahmed Abd El-aziz. "Therapeutic potential of branched-chain amino acids against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiopulmonary injuries in Wistar rats." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 6644-6659. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.46


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Jad, Mariam M., Zeinab Al-amgad, Fatma A. Madkour, Hend Al-amgad, Asmaa W. Basher, Heba A. Mohammed, Abeer M. Mahmoud, Asmaa Elnagar, Ibrahim F. Rehan, František Zigo, Martina Zigová, and Amany Ahmed Abd El-aziz. "Therapeutic potential of branched-chain amino acids against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiopulmonary injuries in Wistar rats." Open Veterinary Journal 15.12 (2025), 6644-6659. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.46


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Jad, M. M., Al-amgad, . Z., Madkour, . F. A., Al-amgad, . H., Basher, . A. W., Mohammed, . H. A., Mahmoud, . A. M., Elnagar, . A., Rehan, . I. F., Zigo, . F., Zigová, . M. & El-aziz, . A. A. A. (2025) Therapeutic potential of branched-chain amino acids against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiopulmonary injuries in Wistar rats. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6644-6659. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.46


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