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2024, Vol: 14, Issue: 3
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Original Article


THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF IVERMECTIN 1 % AND TWO NOVEL FORMULATIONS COMBINED OF IVERMECTIN 1% + FLUAZURON 12.5 % FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) MICROPLUS IN URUGUAY

Diego Robaina, Silvana Alvariza, Gonzalo Suárez.


Abstract
Background: Novel combinations of ivermectin and fluazuron are presented as an alternative for cattle tick control. Applying combination of drugs with the aim to affect different stages of the parasite´s life cycle is stablished as a potential measure to achieve control of cattle tick.
Aim: To determine therapeutic equivalence between two novel formulations of ivermectin 1% combined with fluazuron 12.5 % tested on bovines naturally infested with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.
Methods: Forty adult beef cattle were randomized into four groups (n = 10): IVM [ivermectin 1% (0.2 mg/kg)] and combinations groups A and B [ivermectin 1% (0.2 mg/kg) + fluazuron 12.5% (2.5 mg/kg), each] and Control [untreated]). During 49 days the presence of ticks was ranked as null, low, medium and high; a cumulative link model was adjusted to evaluate treatment response. Results: Although all groups had some animals with presence of ticks until day 27, on day 14 IVM (OR 0.013, CI95%: 0.001 to 0.014, p<0.01), A (OR 0.01, CI95%: 0.00 to 0.07, p < 0.01) and B (OR 0.01, CI95%: 0.00 to 0.148, p < 0.01) groups were different when compared to the Control group, unlike on day 27 where only groups A (OR 0.02, CI95%: 0.00 to 0.17, p<0.01) and B (OR 0.06, CI95%: 0.00 to 0.46, p<0.01) remained different from the Control group. On day 49 post-administration IVM and B did not differ from Control group, with 0.95 probability (CI95% 0.92-1.02) of high parasite burden. At day 49 post-administration, Group A was the only group free of ticks (OR 0.01, CI95%: 0.00 to 0.13, p<0.01).
Conclusions: Pharmacotechnical differences in combined formulations should be considered in therapeutic equivalence studies.

Key words: Bovine, Drug combination, Ectoparasites, Tick


 
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Pubmed Style

DR, Alvariza S, Suárez G. THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF IVERMECTIN 1 % AND TWO NOVEL FORMULATIONS COMBINED OF IVERMECTIN 1% + FLUAZURON 12.5 % FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) MICROPLUS IN URUGUAY. Open Vet J. 2021; 11(1): 154-159. doi:10.4314/ovj.v11i1.22

Web Style

DR, Alvariza S, Suárez G. THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF IVERMECTIN 1 % AND TWO NOVEL FORMULATIONS COMBINED OF IVERMECTIN 1% + FLUAZURON 12.5 % FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) MICROPLUS IN URUGUAY. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=26432 [Access: April 21, 2024]. doi:10.4314/ovj.v11i1.22

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

DR, Alvariza S, Suárez G. THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF IVERMECTIN 1 % AND TWO NOVEL FORMULATIONS COMBINED OF IVERMECTIN 1% + FLUAZURON 12.5 % FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) MICROPLUS IN URUGUAY. Open Vet J. 2021; 11(1): 154-159. doi:10.4314/ovj.v11i1.22


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

DR, Alvariza S, Suárez G. THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF IVERMECTIN 1 % AND TWO NOVEL FORMULATIONS COMBINED OF IVERMECTIN 1% + FLUAZURON 12.5 % FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) MICROPLUS IN URUGUAY. Open Vet J. (2021), [cited April 21, 2024]; 11(1): 154-159. doi:10.4314/ovj.v11i1.22


Harvard Style

, D. R., Alvariza, . S. & Suárez, . G. (2021) THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF IVERMECTIN 1 % AND TWO NOVEL FORMULATIONS COMBINED OF IVERMECTIN 1% + FLUAZURON 12.5 % FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) MICROPLUS IN URUGUAY. Open Vet J, 11 (1), 154-159. doi:10.4314/ovj.v11i1.22


Turabian Style

, Diego Robaina, Silvana Alvariza, and Gonzalo Suárez. 2021. THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF IVERMECTIN 1 % AND TWO NOVEL FORMULATIONS COMBINED OF IVERMECTIN 1% + FLUAZURON 12.5 % FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) MICROPLUS IN URUGUAY. Open Veterinary Journal, 11 (1), 154-159. doi:10.4314/ovj.v11i1.22


Chicago Style

, Diego Robaina, Silvana Alvariza, and Gonzalo Suárez. "THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF IVERMECTIN 1 % AND TWO NOVEL FORMULATIONS COMBINED OF IVERMECTIN 1% + FLUAZURON 12.5 % FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) MICROPLUS IN URUGUAY." Open Veterinary Journal 11 (2021), 154-159. doi:10.4314/ovj.v11i1.22


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

, Diego Robaina, Silvana Alvariza, and Gonzalo Suárez. "THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF IVERMECTIN 1 % AND TWO NOVEL FORMULATIONS COMBINED OF IVERMECTIN 1% + FLUAZURON 12.5 % FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) MICROPLUS IN URUGUAY." Open Veterinary Journal 11.1 (2021), 154-159. Print. doi:10.4314/ovj.v11i1.22


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

, D. R., Alvariza, . S. & Suárez, . G. (2021) THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE OF IVERMECTIN 1 % AND TWO NOVEL FORMULATIONS COMBINED OF IVERMECTIN 1% + FLUAZURON 12.5 % FOR THE CONTROL OF RHIPICEPHALUS (BOOPHILUS) MICROPLUS IN URUGUAY. Open Veterinary Journal, 11 (1), 154-159. doi:10.4314/ovj.v11i1.22


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