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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 9
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Case Report


Molecular and pathological confirmation of natural feline coronavirus infection in a captive persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana): Implications for Wildlife conservation and one health

Peyman Mohammadzadeh, Farshad Ziaee, Farnoush Mousavi.


Abstract
Background:
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection, which can lead to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), poses significant risks to domestic and wild felids. Although FIP has been documented in various non-domestic species, no cases have been reported in the Persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana). This study presents the first confirmed case of FIP in a captive Persian leopard, highlighting the implications for the conservation of wildlife and One Health.

Case Description:
A 3-year-old female Persian leopard exhibited lethargy, watery diarrhea, hematochezia, and anorexia. The initial treatment with gentamicin resolved the gastrointestinal symptoms, but the systemic signs persisted. Molecular diagnostics (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting the FCoV M gene) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed the presence of FCoV Postmortem examination revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation, vasculitis, and effusive fluid accumulation, consistent with FIP. Treatment with GS-441524, polyprenyl immunostimulant, and glucocorticoids was unsuccessful.

Conclusion:
This case represents the first documented occurrence of FIP in a Persian leopard, highlighting the threat of FCoV to endangered felids. Enhanced surveillance and preventive measures in captive populations are urgently required.

Key words: Feline coronavirus (FCoV); Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP); Panthera pardus tullian; Wildlife conservation; Zoonotic potential.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mohammadzadeh P, Ziaee F, Mousavi F. Molecular and pathological confirmation of natural feline coronavirus infection in a captive persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana): Implications for Wildlife conservation and one health. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(9): 4763-4774. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.83

Web Style

Mohammadzadeh P, Ziaee F, Mousavi F. Molecular and pathological confirmation of natural feline coronavirus infection in a captive persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana): Implications for Wildlife conservation and one health. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=264480 [Access: October 06, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.83

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mohammadzadeh P, Ziaee F, Mousavi F. Molecular and pathological confirmation of natural feline coronavirus infection in a captive persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana): Implications for Wildlife conservation and one health. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(9): 4763-4774. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.83


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mohammadzadeh P, Ziaee F, Mousavi F. Molecular and pathological confirmation of natural feline coronavirus infection in a captive persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana): Implications for Wildlife conservation and one health. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited October 06, 2025]; 15(9): 4763-4774. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.83


Harvard Style

Mohammadzadeh, P., Ziaee, . F. & Mousavi, . F. (2025) Molecular and pathological confirmation of natural feline coronavirus infection in a captive persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana): Implications for Wildlife conservation and one health. Open Vet. J., 15 (9), 4763-4774. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.83


Turabian Style

Mohammadzadeh, Peyman, Farshad Ziaee, and Farnoush Mousavi. 2025. Molecular and pathological confirmation of natural feline coronavirus infection in a captive persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana): Implications for Wildlife conservation and one health. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (9), 4763-4774. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.83


Chicago Style

Mohammadzadeh, Peyman, Farshad Ziaee, and Farnoush Mousavi. "Molecular and pathological confirmation of natural feline coronavirus infection in a captive persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana): Implications for Wildlife conservation and one health." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 4763-4774. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.83


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mohammadzadeh, Peyman, Farshad Ziaee, and Farnoush Mousavi. "Molecular and pathological confirmation of natural feline coronavirus infection in a captive persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana): Implications for Wildlife conservation and one health." Open Veterinary Journal 15.9 (2025), 4763-4774. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.83


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mohammadzadeh, P., Ziaee, . F. & Mousavi, . F. (2025) Molecular and pathological confirmation of natural feline coronavirus infection in a captive persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana): Implications for Wildlife conservation and one health. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (9), 4763-4774. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.83


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