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Research Article


Exploring the matrilineal ancestry of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, through partial cytochrome-b sequencing

Muhammad Ridho, Muhammad Cahyadi, Ahmad Pramono, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Hartati Hartati, Eko Handiwirawan, Aprisal Aprisal, Afdal Yulius, Rasiravathanahalli Kaveriyappan Govindarajan, Muhammad Indra Maulana.


Abstract
Background:
Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are a significant livestock in Indonesia, with approximately 36% (201,060 heads) of their breeding populations located on Sumatera Island, including Sijunjung Regency.

Aim:
This study aimed to ascertain the matrilineal lineage of swamp buffaloes in Sijunjung Regency, Indonesia, using the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt-b) region.

Methods:
Blood samples were obtained from 23 adult female swamp buffaloes for DNA extraction and analysis. A total of 906 bp of bubaline Cyt-b amplicons was amplified for forward sequencing. Six bioinformatics programs (BioEdit, DNAsp, MEGA, STRUCTURE, BEAST, and R) were used for sequence alignment, haplotype diversity estimation, phylogenetic tree construction, pairwise genetic distance calculations, and genetic admixture analysis.

Results:
Seventeen mutation sites were identified in the Cyt-b region. Consequently, four haplotypes (H) of Cyt-b were identified: H1 (56%), H2 (22%), H3 (17%), and H4 (5%). The haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (pi) for the partial Cyt-b analyzed were 0.645 ± 0.081 and 0.003 ± 0.001, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the swamp buffaloes in Sijunjung Regency were classified within Haplogroup 1 and exhibited close genetic ties to buffaloes from South Asia (Bangladesh), Southeast Asia (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines), and East Asia (Taiwan, China). No evidence of genetic introgression from Indian and Pakistani buffaloes was found in the studied population.

Conclusion:
The matrilineal origin of buffaloes in Sijunjung Regency may be traced back to the southeastern Chinese buffalo (Lineage A) via two migration routes: the land-bridge (China - IndoChina - Malaya Peninsula - Sumatra) and the insular pathway (China - Taiwan - Philippines - Borneo - Sumatra).

Key words: Buffaloes; Cyt-b region; Matrilineal; Sequencing; Sijunjung Regency.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ridho M, Cahyadi M, Pramono A, Putra WPB, Hartati H, Handiwirawan E, Aprisal A, Yulius A, Govindarajan RK, Maulana MI. Exploring the matrilineal ancestry of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, through partial cytochrome-b sequencing. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6470-6479. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.31

Web Style

Ridho M, Cahyadi M, Pramono A, Putra WPB, Hartati H, Handiwirawan E, Aprisal A, Yulius A, Govindarajan RK, Maulana MI. Exploring the matrilineal ancestry of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, through partial cytochrome-b sequencing. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=270149 [Access: December 31, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.31

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ridho M, Cahyadi M, Pramono A, Putra WPB, Hartati H, Handiwirawan E, Aprisal A, Yulius A, Govindarajan RK, Maulana MI. Exploring the matrilineal ancestry of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, through partial cytochrome-b sequencing. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6470-6479. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.31


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ridho M, Cahyadi M, Pramono A, Putra WPB, Hartati H, Handiwirawan E, Aprisal A, Yulius A, Govindarajan RK, Maulana MI. Exploring the matrilineal ancestry of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, through partial cytochrome-b sequencing. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited December 31, 2025]; 15(12): 6470-6479. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.31


Harvard Style

Ridho, M., Cahyadi, . M., Pramono, . A., Putra, . W. P. B., Hartati, . H., Handiwirawan, . E., Aprisal, . A., Yulius, . A., Govindarajan, . R. K. & Maulana, . M. I. (2025) Exploring the matrilineal ancestry of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, through partial cytochrome-b sequencing. Open Vet. J., 15 (12), 6470-6479. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.31


Turabian Style

Ridho, Muhammad, Muhammad Cahyadi, Ahmad Pramono, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Hartati Hartati, Eko Handiwirawan, Aprisal Aprisal, Afdal Yulius, Rasiravathanahalli Kaveriyappan Govindarajan, and Muhammad Indra Maulana. 2025. Exploring the matrilineal ancestry of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, through partial cytochrome-b sequencing. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6470-6479. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.31


Chicago Style

Ridho, Muhammad, Muhammad Cahyadi, Ahmad Pramono, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Hartati Hartati, Eko Handiwirawan, Aprisal Aprisal, Afdal Yulius, Rasiravathanahalli Kaveriyappan Govindarajan, and Muhammad Indra Maulana. "Exploring the matrilineal ancestry of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, through partial cytochrome-b sequencing." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 6470-6479. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.31


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ridho, Muhammad, Muhammad Cahyadi, Ahmad Pramono, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Hartati Hartati, Eko Handiwirawan, Aprisal Aprisal, Afdal Yulius, Rasiravathanahalli Kaveriyappan Govindarajan, and Muhammad Indra Maulana. "Exploring the matrilineal ancestry of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, through partial cytochrome-b sequencing." Open Veterinary Journal 15.12 (2025), 6470-6479. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.31


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ridho, M., Cahyadi, . M., Pramono, . A., Putra, . W. P. B., Hartati, . H., Handiwirawan, . E., Aprisal, . A., Yulius, . A., Govindarajan, . R. K. & Maulana, . M. I. (2025) Exploring the matrilineal ancestry of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra, through partial cytochrome-b sequencing. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6470-6479. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.31


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