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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 12
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Research Article


Toxicity and potential of propolis resin to boost embryo growth of broilers

Maslichah Mafruchati, Lailatul Fadliyah, Akhmad Kusuma Wardhana, Intan Idiana Hassan, Joni Susanto.


Abstract
Background:
Propolis resin could be used as a therapeutic agent for chicken embryos, but its toxicity must be evaluated before application in livestock.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the toxicity and growth-promoting properties of propolis resin on the embryo of the chicken.

Methods:
Fertilized broiler eggs were used as experimental samples by being injected with propolis resin. The solution volume was predetermined to be 1 ml per egg for each treatment dose.

Results:
The result showed that the morphology of chicken eggs was viable after propolis resin injection on days 13–21 after inoculation. Moreover, 62.5 mg/egg was the effective dose, 125 mg/egg was the Toxic dose 250 mg/egg was the lethal dose. A mid-range dose (62.5–125 mg/egg) was associated with higher embryo weight and wing bone length compared to controls, though differences require further confirmation.

Conclusion:
Propolis resin at intermediate concentration can boost embryonic growth, but higher doses rapidly induce toxicity. These findings emphasize the importance of dose optimization and chemical profiling before in-ovo implementation. Further studies across poultry species are needed to evaluate antiviral and growth-promoting effects while ensuring safety.

Key words: Chicken embryo; Food production; Propolis resin; Toxicity.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mafruchati M, Fadliyah L, Wardhana AK, Hassan II, Susanto J. Toxicity and potential of propolis resin to boost embryo growth of broilers. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6497-6505. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.34

Web Style

Mafruchati M, Fadliyah L, Wardhana AK, Hassan II, Susanto J. Toxicity and potential of propolis resin to boost embryo growth of broilers. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=273732 [Access: December 31, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.34

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mafruchati M, Fadliyah L, Wardhana AK, Hassan II, Susanto J. Toxicity and potential of propolis resin to boost embryo growth of broilers. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6497-6505. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.34


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mafruchati M, Fadliyah L, Wardhana AK, Hassan II, Susanto J. Toxicity and potential of propolis resin to boost embryo growth of broilers. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited December 31, 2025]; 15(12): 6497-6505. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.34


Harvard Style

Mafruchati, M., Fadliyah, . L., Wardhana, . A. K., Hassan, . I. I. & Susanto, . J. (2025) Toxicity and potential of propolis resin to boost embryo growth of broilers. Open Vet. J., 15 (12), 6497-6505. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.34


Turabian Style

Mafruchati, Maslichah, Lailatul Fadliyah, Akhmad Kusuma Wardhana, Intan Idiana Hassan, and Joni Susanto. 2025. Toxicity and potential of propolis resin to boost embryo growth of broilers. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6497-6505. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.34


Chicago Style

Mafruchati, Maslichah, Lailatul Fadliyah, Akhmad Kusuma Wardhana, Intan Idiana Hassan, and Joni Susanto. "Toxicity and potential of propolis resin to boost embryo growth of broilers." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 6497-6505. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.34


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mafruchati, Maslichah, Lailatul Fadliyah, Akhmad Kusuma Wardhana, Intan Idiana Hassan, and Joni Susanto. "Toxicity and potential of propolis resin to boost embryo growth of broilers." Open Veterinary Journal 15.12 (2025), 6497-6505. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.34


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mafruchati, M., Fadliyah, . L., Wardhana, . A. K., Hassan, . I. I. & Susanto, . J. (2025) Toxicity and potential of propolis resin to boost embryo growth of broilers. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6497-6505. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.34


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