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Research Article


Supplementation of nanoencapsulated Peronema canescens jack leaf extract on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry in broiler chickens

Bella Putri Maharani, Hafi Luthfi Sanjaya, Aji Praba Baskara, Zuprizal Zuprizal, Bambang Ariyadi, Ronny Martien, Chusnul Hanim, Rusman Rusman, Nanung Danar Dono.


Abstract
Background:
Peronema canescens Jack (P. canescens) leaves contain phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins with antibacterial, antioxidant, and growth-promoting activities. However, their lipophilic nature limits their absorption in broilers. Chitosan-based nanoencapsulation is used to enhance the effectiveness of the extract when administered through drinking water.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoencapsulated P. canescens leaf extract (PcNP) administered through drinking water on the growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry of broiler chickens.

Methods:
This study used a completely randomized design with six treatments, each of which was replicated six times. A total of 288 male Indian River broiler chickens were reared from day 1 to day 28. The treatments were as follows: negative control (no treatment); T1 (8.5 mL/L PcNP); T2 (17 mL/L PcNP); T3 (34 mL/L PcNP); T4 (68 mL/L PcNP); and positive control (25 mg/L zinc bacitracin) in drinking water.

Results:
PcNP supplementation in broiler chickens consistently improved feed efficiency by 1.42 and carcass percentage at concentrations ranging from 17 to 68 mL/L with 72.74%, 72.54%, and 74.14% (P < 0.05). Feather free weight (1503.66 g), carcass yield (1339.00 g), breast yield (520.50 g), upper thigh yield (215.50 g), and ileum length (89.66 cm) were increased in broiler chickens supplemented with 68 mL/L PcNP (P < 0.05). Abdominal fat weight and percentage decreased without PcNP supplementation but increased with supplementation of zinc bacitracin (P < 0.05). A dose of 8.5 mL/L PcNP significantly increased villus height (1570.26 μm) and villus height-to-crypt depth (12.00) (P < 0.005), whereas all doses reduced villus width, apical width, and crypt depth in broiler chickens (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that PcNP may have potential as a natural growth promoter in broiler production due to its beneficial effects on improving feed efficiency, carcass traits, and intestinal health.

Key words: AGPs replacement; Broiler chickens; Drinking water; Nanoencapsulation; Peronema canescens Jack.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Maharani BP, Sanjaya HL, Baskara AP, Zuprizal Z, Ariyadi B, Martien R, Hanim C, Rusman R, Dono ND. Supplementation of nanoencapsulated Peronema canescens jack leaf extract on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry in broiler chickens. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(1): 287-302. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.26

Web Style

Maharani BP, Sanjaya HL, Baskara AP, Zuprizal Z, Ariyadi B, Martien R, Hanim C, Rusman R, Dono ND. Supplementation of nanoencapsulated Peronema canescens jack leaf extract on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry in broiler chickens. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=281429 [Access: January 31, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.26

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Maharani BP, Sanjaya HL, Baskara AP, Zuprizal Z, Ariyadi B, Martien R, Hanim C, Rusman R, Dono ND. Supplementation of nanoencapsulated Peronema canescens jack leaf extract on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry in broiler chickens. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(1): 287-302. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.26


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Maharani BP, Sanjaya HL, Baskara AP, Zuprizal Z, Ariyadi B, Martien R, Hanim C, Rusman R, Dono ND. Supplementation of nanoencapsulated Peronema canescens jack leaf extract on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry in broiler chickens. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited January 31, 2026]; 16(1): 287-302. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.26


Harvard Style

Maharani, B. P., Sanjaya, . H. L., Baskara, . A. P., Zuprizal, . Z., Ariyadi, . B., Martien, . R., Hanim, . C., Rusman, . R. & Dono, . N. D. (2026) Supplementation of nanoencapsulated Peronema canescens jack leaf extract on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry in broiler chickens. Open Vet. J., 16 (1), 287-302. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.26


Turabian Style

Maharani, Bella Putri, Hafi Luthfi Sanjaya, Aji Praba Baskara, Zuprizal Zuprizal, Bambang Ariyadi, Ronny Martien, Chusnul Hanim, Rusman Rusman, and Nanung Danar Dono. 2026. Supplementation of nanoencapsulated Peronema canescens jack leaf extract on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry in broiler chickens. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (1), 287-302. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.26


Chicago Style

Maharani, Bella Putri, Hafi Luthfi Sanjaya, Aji Praba Baskara, Zuprizal Zuprizal, Bambang Ariyadi, Ronny Martien, Chusnul Hanim, Rusman Rusman, and Nanung Danar Dono. "Supplementation of nanoencapsulated Peronema canescens jack leaf extract on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry in broiler chickens." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 287-302. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.26


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Maharani, Bella Putri, Hafi Luthfi Sanjaya, Aji Praba Baskara, Zuprizal Zuprizal, Bambang Ariyadi, Ronny Martien, Chusnul Hanim, Rusman Rusman, and Nanung Danar Dono. "Supplementation of nanoencapsulated Peronema canescens jack leaf extract on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry in broiler chickens." Open Veterinary Journal 16.1 (2026), 287-302. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.26


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Maharani, B. P., Sanjaya, . H. L., Baskara, . A. P., Zuprizal, . Z., Ariyadi, . B., Martien, . R., Hanim, . C., Rusman, . R. & Dono, . N. D. (2026) Supplementation of nanoencapsulated Peronema canescens jack leaf extract on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive characteristics, and jejunum histomorphometry in broiler chickens. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (1), 287-302. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.26


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