Abstract
Background:
This study investigated how coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation protected male rats against hematological abnormalities, oxidative stress, hormonal imbalance, and reproductive failure imposed by silicon oxide (SiO2) nanoparticles (SiO2)

Aim:
This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of action of coenzyme Q10 supplement on some physiological disorders induced by SiO2-NPs in male Wistar rats.

Methods:
Four experimental groups were investigated: control group, CoQ10 group, SiO2 group, and (CoQ10 + SiO2) combination treatment groups.

Results:
There were significantly altered results of the blood profile. Also, Higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios show that SiO2 also significantly altered the leukocyte differential in favor of neutrophilia, indicating inflammatory stress. By lowering malondialdehyde levels and hence preserving erythrocytic parameters within reference limits, CoQ10 therapy alone considerably increased Red blood cell, Hemoglobin, Packed cell volume and white blood cell counts while greatly improving total antioxidant capacity. CoQ10 also reduced the hormonal alterations brought on by SiO2, therefore conserving luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels. While CoQ10 treatment considerably enhanced sperm shape, motility, and count, SiO2 drastically reduced assessments of sperm quality, including these components. CoQ10 was shown to reduce SiO2-induced testicular damage, hence preserving seminiferous tubule shape and spermatogenic integrity. Under SiO2 immunohistochemistry studies, CoQ10 supplementation reduced apoptosisinducing factor and enhanced synptonemal complex protein 3.

Conclusion:
Our study concludes the mechanisms of meiosis and mitochondrial function retention. Since CoQ10 clearly shields against oxidative, hormonal, reproductive, and hematological damage, our data, combined, reveal the therapeutic potential in treating physiological abnormalities induced by SiO2 NPs.

Key words: Coenzyme Q10; Immunohistochemistry; Physiological dysfunction; Silicon dioxide nanoparticles; Sperm quality in rats.