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Research Article


Regional epidemiology of fowl adenovirus in China from 1988 to 2024: A meta-analysis

Mengke Si, Yiwei Wang, Junxue Qiu, Xiaoyu Chong, Baolei Yang, Mingfeng Chu, Yuchen Liang, Wei Cheng, Huiying Zhang, Xuelong Chen, Yanping Qi.


Abstract
Background:
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) induces hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis in fowl, causing substantial economic losses to China’s fowl industry. However, nationwide epidemiological data on FAdV remain fragmented.

Aim:
This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of FAdV in Chinese fowl from 1988 to 2024.

Methods:
In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 58 cross-sectional studies from databases (PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, etc.) were included. Pooled prevalence and subgroup analyses were performed using a random-effects model with Stata 12.0.

Results:
The overall FAdV prevalence was 37% (95% CI: 32.00%–42.00%) with high heterogeneity (I²>97%). Central China had the highest prevalence (50%), and Southwest China had the lowest (28%). Winter (20%) and adult/rearing stages (both 33%) showed higher prevalence; geese had the lowest species rate (12%).

Conclusion:
FAdV is highly prevalent in Chinese fowl with notable, fowl species, detection method, sample type, seasonal, and developmental stage. Targeted surveillance, detection method, sample type, developmental stage, seasonal biosecurity, and standardized diagnostics are essential for FAdV control.

Key words: China; Fowl adenovirus; Meta-analysis; Prevalence rate; System evaluation.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Si M, Wang Y, Qiu J, Chong X, Yang B, Chu M, Liang Y, Cheng W, Zhang H, Chen X, Qi Y. Regional epidemiology of fowl adenovirus in China from 1988 to 2024: A meta-analysis. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(1): 521-535. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.50

Web Style

Si M, Wang Y, Qiu J, Chong X, Yang B, Chu M, Liang Y, Cheng W, Zhang H, Chen X, Qi Y. Regional epidemiology of fowl adenovirus in China from 1988 to 2024: A meta-analysis. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=284230 [Access: July 20, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.50

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Si M, Wang Y, Qiu J, Chong X, Yang B, Chu M, Liang Y, Cheng W, Zhang H, Chen X, Qi Y. Regional epidemiology of fowl adenovirus in China from 1988 to 2024: A meta-analysis. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(1): 521-535. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.50


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Si M, Wang Y, Qiu J, Chong X, Yang B, Chu M, Liang Y, Cheng W, Zhang H, Chen X, Qi Y. Regional epidemiology of fowl adenovirus in China from 1988 to 2024: A meta-analysis. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited July 20, 2026]; 16(1): 521-535. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.50


Harvard Style

Si, M., Wang, . Y., Qiu, . J., Chong, . X., Yang, . B., Chu, . M., Liang, . Y., Cheng, . W., Zhang, . H., Chen, . X. & Qi, . Y. (2026) Regional epidemiology of fowl adenovirus in China from 1988 to 2024: A meta-analysis. Open Vet. J., 16 (1), 521-535. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.50


Turabian Style

Si, Mengke, Yiwei Wang, Junxue Qiu, Xiaoyu Chong, Baolei Yang, Mingfeng Chu, Yuchen Liang, Wei Cheng, Huiying Zhang, Xuelong Chen, and Yanping Qi. 2026. Regional epidemiology of fowl adenovirus in China from 1988 to 2024: A meta-analysis. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (1), 521-535. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.50


Chicago Style

Si, Mengke, Yiwei Wang, Junxue Qiu, Xiaoyu Chong, Baolei Yang, Mingfeng Chu, Yuchen Liang, Wei Cheng, Huiying Zhang, Xuelong Chen, and Yanping Qi. "Regional epidemiology of fowl adenovirus in China from 1988 to 2024: A meta-analysis." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 521-535. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.50


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Si, Mengke, Yiwei Wang, Junxue Qiu, Xiaoyu Chong, Baolei Yang, Mingfeng Chu, Yuchen Liang, Wei Cheng, Huiying Zhang, Xuelong Chen, and Yanping Qi. "Regional epidemiology of fowl adenovirus in China from 1988 to 2024: A meta-analysis." Open Veterinary Journal 16.1 (2026), 521-535. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.50


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Si, M., Wang, . Y., Qiu, . J., Chong, . X., Yang, . B., Chu, . M., Liang, . Y., Cheng, . W., Zhang, . H., Chen, . X. & Qi, . Y. (2026) Regional epidemiology of fowl adenovirus in China from 1988 to 2024: A meta-analysis. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (1), 521-535. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.50


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