Serological detection of avian metapneumovirus and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome in broilers from Duhok province

Waffa G. Jasim; Balqees A. Ali; Fatimah S. Ahmed; Aqeel M. Shareef

doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.44

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Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(9): 6382-6394

doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.44

Serological detection of avian metapneumovirus and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome in broilers from Duhok province

Waffa G. Jasim, Balqees A. Ali, Fatimah S. Ahmed, Aqeel M. Shareef.

Abstract
Background:
This study aimed to detect the percentage of flocks that were affected by avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) by detecting antibody titer using the ELISA test in Duhok, Kurdistan region, through four seasons in 2024.

Aim:
Additionally, evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from Swollen head syndrome (SHS)-affected poultry, and determine the extended spectrum B-lactamaces (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains.

Methods:
Three hundred and twenty-four blood samples from 18 flocks of various ages (18 chickens from each flock) were collected throughout the four seasons of 2024.

Results:
Seroprevalence of aMPV antibodies at the flock level in winter was 66.6%, in spring 33%, in summer 0%, and in autumn 83.3%. The percentage of E. coli strains was 60.97% (50/82). Percentage of positive ESBL—E. coli strains was 76% while the percentage of positive AmpC β-Lactamases—E. coli strains was 68%.

Conclusion:
The results indicate the presence and seasonal variation of aMPV infection in broiler flocks in Duhok Province and highlight the high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli associated with SHS. These findings emphasize the need for improved disease control strategies and responsible antimicrobial use in poultry production.

Key words: aMPV; AmpC β-lactamases; APEC; ESBL; Swollen head syndrome.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Jasim WG, Ali BA, Ahmed FS, Shareef AM. Serological detection of avian metapneumovirus and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome in broilers from Duhok province. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(9): 6382-6394. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.44

Web Style

Jasim WG, Ali BA, Ahmed FS, Shareef AM. Serological detection of avian metapneumovirus and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome in broilers from Duhok province. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=286159 [Access: September 30, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.44

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Jasim WG, Ali BA, Ahmed FS, Shareef AM. Serological detection of avian metapneumovirus and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome in broilers from Duhok province. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(9): 6382-6394. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.44

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Jasim WG, Ali BA, Ahmed FS, Shareef AM. Serological detection of avian metapneumovirus and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome in broilers from Duhok province. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited September 30, 2026]; 16(9): 6382-6394. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.44

Harvard Style

Jasim, W. G., Ali, . B. A., Ahmed, . F. S. & Shareef, . A. M. (2026) Serological detection of avian metapneumovirus and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome in broilers from Duhok province. Open Vet. J., 16 (9), 6382-6394. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.44

Turabian Style

Jasim, Waffa G., Balqees A. Ali, Fatimah S. Ahmed, and Aqeel M. Shareef. 2026. Serological detection of avian metapneumovirus and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome in broilers from Duhok province. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (9), 6382-6394. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.44

Chicago Style

Jasim, Waffa G., Balqees A. Ali, Fatimah S. Ahmed, and Aqeel M. Shareef. "Serological detection of avian metapneumovirus and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome in broilers from Duhok province." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 6382-6394. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.44

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Jasim, W. G., Ali, . B. A., Ahmed, . F. S. & Shareef, . A. M. (2026) Serological detection of avian metapneumovirus and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome in broilers from Duhok province. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (9), 6382-6394. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.44

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