E-ISSN 2218-6050 | ISSN 2226-4485
 
2026, Vol: 16, Issue: 1
16 / 1Current Issue ArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

OVJ Manuscript Submissio Form
Title Page
mainarticle_template

Research Article


Effects of farmer socio-demographics on animal welfare knowledge and practices in peri-urban duck production systems

Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani, Siti Sehat Tan, Bachtar Bakrie, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Eni Siti Rohaeni, Dwi Priyanto, Lisa Praharani, Etti Diana, Herlina Tarigan, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Tri Bastuti Purwantini, Roosganda Elizabeth.


Abstract
Background:
Animal welfare (AW) is currently an important issue in sustainable livestock production. However, many small farmers in developing countries still do not understand and widely apply AW.

Aim:
This study aims to investigate the impact of farm and farmer characteristics, including age, education, farming experience, and flock size, on animal welfare knowledge and practices among duck farmers in the urban area of Bekasi, Indonesia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 29 duck farmers using a structured questionnaire that assessed farm and farmer characteristics, knowledge of animal welfare, and animal welfare practices in accordance with the Five Freedoms of AW. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the data and identify factors influencing animal welfare knowledge and practices. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the discriminatory performance of significant predictors.

Results:
Farmer characteristics were not significantly associated with AW knowledge. Specifically, age (p = 0.225), education (p = 0.9788), experience (p = 0.318), and flock size (p = 0.786) showed no significant effects. In contrast, AW practices were significantly associated with education (OR = 1.383; p = 0.035) and farming experience (OR = 1.123; p = 0.030. ROC analysis indicated that farming experience demonstrated fair discriminatory power (AUC = 0.), while education showed weak but significant discrimination (AUC = 0.562). Age and flock size were not significant as predictors in either model.

Conclusion:
AW knowledge did not vary across farmer characteristics, whereas AW practices were influenced by education and experience. These findings highlight the importance of training and extension programs to improve AW in peri-urban duck farming.

Key words: Cross-sectional survey; Farmer characteristics; Five freedoms; Management practices; Duck Smallholder farmers.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani
Articles by Siti Sehat Tan
Articles by Bachtar Bakrie
Articles by Aswin Rafif Khairullah
Articles by Eni Siti Rohaeni
Articles by Dwi Priyanto
Articles by Lisa Praharani
Articles by Etti Diana
Articles by Herlina Tarigan
Articles by Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani
Articles by Tri Bastuti Purwantini
Articles by Roosganda Elizabeth
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Wahyuwardani S, Tan SS, Bakrie B, Khairullah AR, Rohaeni ES, Priyanto D, Praharani L, Diana E, Tarigan H, Prihandani SS, Purwantini TB, Elizabeth R. Effects of farmer socio-demographics on animal welfare knowledge and practices in peri-urban duck production systems. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(1): 126-135. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.12

Web Style

Wahyuwardani S, Tan SS, Bakrie B, Khairullah AR, Rohaeni ES, Priyanto D, Praharani L, Diana E, Tarigan H, Prihandani SS, Purwantini TB, Elizabeth R. Effects of farmer socio-demographics on animal welfare knowledge and practices in peri-urban duck production systems. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=289162 [Access: January 31, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.12

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Wahyuwardani S, Tan SS, Bakrie B, Khairullah AR, Rohaeni ES, Priyanto D, Praharani L, Diana E, Tarigan H, Prihandani SS, Purwantini TB, Elizabeth R. Effects of farmer socio-demographics on animal welfare knowledge and practices in peri-urban duck production systems. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(1): 126-135. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.12


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Wahyuwardani S, Tan SS, Bakrie B, Khairullah AR, Rohaeni ES, Priyanto D, Praharani L, Diana E, Tarigan H, Prihandani SS, Purwantini TB, Elizabeth R. Effects of farmer socio-demographics on animal welfare knowledge and practices in peri-urban duck production systems. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited January 31, 2026]; 16(1): 126-135. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.12


Harvard Style

Wahyuwardani, S., Tan, . S. S., Bakrie, . B., Khairullah, . A. R., Rohaeni, . E. S., Priyanto, . D., Praharani, . L., Diana, . E., Tarigan, . H., Prihandani, . S. S., Purwantini, . T. B. & Elizabeth, . R. (2026) Effects of farmer socio-demographics on animal welfare knowledge and practices in peri-urban duck production systems. Open Vet. J., 16 (1), 126-135. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.12


Turabian Style

Wahyuwardani, Sutiastuti, Siti Sehat Tan, Bachtar Bakrie, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Eni Siti Rohaeni, Dwi Priyanto, Lisa Praharani, Etti Diana, Herlina Tarigan, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Tri Bastuti Purwantini, and Roosganda Elizabeth. 2026. Effects of farmer socio-demographics on animal welfare knowledge and practices in peri-urban duck production systems. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (1), 126-135. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.12


Chicago Style

Wahyuwardani, Sutiastuti, Siti Sehat Tan, Bachtar Bakrie, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Eni Siti Rohaeni, Dwi Priyanto, Lisa Praharani, Etti Diana, Herlina Tarigan, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Tri Bastuti Purwantini, and Roosganda Elizabeth. "Effects of farmer socio-demographics on animal welfare knowledge and practices in peri-urban duck production systems." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 126-135. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.12


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Wahyuwardani, Sutiastuti, Siti Sehat Tan, Bachtar Bakrie, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Eni Siti Rohaeni, Dwi Priyanto, Lisa Praharani, Etti Diana, Herlina Tarigan, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Tri Bastuti Purwantini, and Roosganda Elizabeth. "Effects of farmer socio-demographics on animal welfare knowledge and practices in peri-urban duck production systems." Open Veterinary Journal 16.1 (2026), 126-135. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.12


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Wahyuwardani, S., Tan, . S. S., Bakrie, . B., Khairullah, . A. R., Rohaeni, . E. S., Priyanto, . D., Praharani, . L., Diana, . E., Tarigan, . H., Prihandani, . S. S., Purwantini, . T. B. & Elizabeth, . R. (2026) Effects of farmer socio-demographics on animal welfare knowledge and practices in peri-urban duck production systems. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (1), 126-135. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.12


Author LoginReviewer LoginAbout PublisherOpen Access PolicyEditorial Review PolicyEditorial & Peer Review ProcessPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice StatementConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyProtection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)Corrections, Retractions & Expressions of ConcernDigital Archiving & Preservation PoliciesTerms of UseLicense InformationCopyright Information

About Open Veterinary Journal

Open Veterinary Journal provides a fast track coupled with high quality peer review process for original research articles, review articles, short communi ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information

All correspondence should be addressed to:

Prof. Ibrahim Eldaghayes: Editor-in-Chief

Open Veterinary Journal

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli

P.O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya

and


Eldaghayes Publisher

www.eldaghayes.com 

Emails: ibrahim.eldaghayes@vetmed.edu.ly

info@eldaghayes.com