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Research Article


Phytochemical profiles, chemical composition, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of the Opuntia cladode from Al Zawia, Libya

Abdalla A. Mohamed, Ines Dhouib, Taher Abdelhameed, Khaled Aburas, Fatim T. Gammoudi, Salah M. Azwai, Ibrahim M. Eldaghayes, Aboubaker M. Garbaj, Lazhar Zourgui, Bassem Khemakhem.


Abstract
Background:
Opuntia spp. are prickly pear cactus species that have long been used for medical purposes. Mature cladodes are also used to feed animals during droughts.

Aim:
The phytochemical and chemical composition of cladode extracts from Opuntia streptacantha and thornless Opuntia ficus indica cultivated in Al-Zawia-Libya and to evaluate their antibacterial activity through both in vitro assay and molecular docking analysis.

Methods:
Cladode extracts from two Opuntia species cultivated in Libya were analyzed in this study to compare their chemical composition and evaluate their antibacterial properties explained by structure-function relationships studies.

Results:
The ethanolic extract of O. streptacantha registered the highest total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content, and tannin contents (112.00 ± 0.58 mg GAE/g, 64.67 ± 0.88 mg CAT/g, and 0.408 ± 0.046 mg CAT/g, respectively). The ethanolic extract of thornless O. ficus-indica exhibited strong antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains, particularly colistin-resistant Escherichia coli. Rutin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside interact with key active-site residues, including the catalytic residues Thr285 and His395.

Conclusion:
Opuntia spp. cultivated in Libya are a valuable source of biomolecules with significant antibacterial properties and may be exploited as a functional food.

Key words: Phytochemical; Opuntia spp.; Molecular docking; Antibacterial.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mohamed AA, Dhouib I, Abdelhameed T, Aburas K, Gammoudi FT, Azwai SM, Eldaghayes IM, Garbaj AM, Zourgui L, Khemakhem B. Phytochemical profiles, chemical composition, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of the Opuntia cladode from Al Zawia, Libya. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6560-6571. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.40

Web Style

Mohamed AA, Dhouib I, Abdelhameed T, Aburas K, Gammoudi FT, Azwai SM, Eldaghayes IM, Garbaj AM, Zourgui L, Khemakhem B. Phytochemical profiles, chemical composition, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of the Opuntia cladode from Al Zawia, Libya. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=289815 [Access: December 31, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.40

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mohamed AA, Dhouib I, Abdelhameed T, Aburas K, Gammoudi FT, Azwai SM, Eldaghayes IM, Garbaj AM, Zourgui L, Khemakhem B. Phytochemical profiles, chemical composition, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of the Opuntia cladode from Al Zawia, Libya. Open Vet. J.. 2025; 15(12): 6560-6571. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.40


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mohamed AA, Dhouib I, Abdelhameed T, Aburas K, Gammoudi FT, Azwai SM, Eldaghayes IM, Garbaj AM, Zourgui L, Khemakhem B. Phytochemical profiles, chemical composition, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of the Opuntia cladode from Al Zawia, Libya. Open Vet. J.. (2025), [cited December 31, 2025]; 15(12): 6560-6571. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.40


Harvard Style

Mohamed, A. A., Dhouib, . I., Abdelhameed, . T., Aburas, . K., Gammoudi, . F. T., Azwai, . S. M., Eldaghayes, . I. M., Garbaj, . A. M., Zourgui, . L. & Khemakhem, . B. (2025) Phytochemical profiles, chemical composition, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of the Opuntia cladode from Al Zawia, Libya. Open Vet. J., 15 (12), 6560-6571. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.40


Turabian Style

Mohamed, Abdalla A., Ines Dhouib, Taher Abdelhameed, Khaled Aburas, Fatim T. Gammoudi, Salah M. Azwai, Ibrahim M. Eldaghayes, Aboubaker M. Garbaj, Lazhar Zourgui, and Bassem Khemakhem. 2025. Phytochemical profiles, chemical composition, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of the Opuntia cladode from Al Zawia, Libya. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6560-6571. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.40


Chicago Style

Mohamed, Abdalla A., Ines Dhouib, Taher Abdelhameed, Khaled Aburas, Fatim T. Gammoudi, Salah M. Azwai, Ibrahim M. Eldaghayes, Aboubaker M. Garbaj, Lazhar Zourgui, and Bassem Khemakhem. "Phytochemical profiles, chemical composition, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of the Opuntia cladode from Al Zawia, Libya." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 6560-6571. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.40


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mohamed, Abdalla A., Ines Dhouib, Taher Abdelhameed, Khaled Aburas, Fatim T. Gammoudi, Salah M. Azwai, Ibrahim M. Eldaghayes, Aboubaker M. Garbaj, Lazhar Zourgui, and Bassem Khemakhem. "Phytochemical profiles, chemical composition, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of the Opuntia cladode from Al Zawia, Libya." Open Veterinary Journal 15.12 (2025), 6560-6571. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.40


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mohamed, A. A., Dhouib, . I., Abdelhameed, . T., Aburas, . K., Gammoudi, . F. T., Azwai, . S. M., Eldaghayes, . I. M., Garbaj, . A. M., Zourgui, . L. & Khemakhem, . B. (2025) Phytochemical profiles, chemical composition, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of the Opuntia cladode from Al Zawia, Libya. Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (12), 6560-6571. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.40


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