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Research Article


Effects of probiotic formulations on gastrointestinal tract morphological changes and gut microbiota in Hu lambs

Ting Xu, Siling Ding, Ye Xu, Siyu Yang, Yian Yao, Pengcheng Wan, Guoqing Shi, Yimin Wang, Feng Guan, Junfang Jiang.


Abstract
Background:
Gut microbiota plays an important role in the digestive system of ruminants, affecting the health status of Hu sheep and their development and production traits. Factors such as gender, age, diet, and probiotic formulations may influence their compositions.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the morphological changes in the gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota dynamics during postnatal development of Hu lambs and evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation.

Methods:
During the 60-day experiment, rumen, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum samples were collected at 2 h, 20 days, and 55 days after birth. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to analyze microbial diversity, and morphological analysis was conducted to compare differences in the digestive tract surface tissues.

Results:
The results indicated that the length of the rumen papillae and the height of the villi in the jejunum and ileum continued to increase with increasing age. The overall diversity of the gut microbiota exhibited a gradual upward trend. The microbial diversity indices were higher in the experimental group than in the control group at corresponding time points (p > 0.05). The number of beneficial bacteria, such as Ruminococci, increased, whereas the number of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia spp., decreased.

Conclusion:
Probiotic supplementation promotes early gastrointestinal tract development, enhances the colonization of beneficial bacteria, and improves microbial diversity in Hu lambs.

Key words: Hu lambs; Probiotic formulations; 16S rRNA gene sequencing; Gut microbiota; GIT morphology.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Xu T, Ding S, Xu Y, Yang S, Yao Y, Wan P, Shi G, Wang Y, Guan F, Jiang J. Effects of probiotic formulations on gastrointestinal tract morphological changes and gut microbiota in Hu lambs. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(3): 1534-1555. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.12

Web Style

Xu T, Ding S, Xu Y, Yang S, Yao Y, Wan P, Shi G, Wang Y, Guan F, Jiang J. Effects of probiotic formulations on gastrointestinal tract morphological changes and gut microbiota in Hu lambs. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=293358 [Access: March 31, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.12

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Xu T, Ding S, Xu Y, Yang S, Yao Y, Wan P, Shi G, Wang Y, Guan F, Jiang J. Effects of probiotic formulations on gastrointestinal tract morphological changes and gut microbiota in Hu lambs. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(3): 1534-1555. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.12


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Xu T, Ding S, Xu Y, Yang S, Yao Y, Wan P, Shi G, Wang Y, Guan F, Jiang J. Effects of probiotic formulations on gastrointestinal tract morphological changes and gut microbiota in Hu lambs. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited March 31, 2026]; 16(3): 1534-1555. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.12


Harvard Style

Xu, T., Ding, . S., Xu, . Y., Yang, . S., Yao, . Y., Wan, . P., Shi, . G., Wang, . Y., Guan, . F. & Jiang, . J. (2026) Effects of probiotic formulations on gastrointestinal tract morphological changes and gut microbiota in Hu lambs. Open Vet. J., 16 (3), 1534-1555. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.12


Turabian Style

Xu, Ting, Siling Ding, Ye Xu, Siyu Yang, Yian Yao, Pengcheng Wan, Guoqing Shi, Yimin Wang, Feng Guan, and Junfang Jiang. 2026. Effects of probiotic formulations on gastrointestinal tract morphological changes and gut microbiota in Hu lambs. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (3), 1534-1555. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.12


Chicago Style

Xu, Ting, Siling Ding, Ye Xu, Siyu Yang, Yian Yao, Pengcheng Wan, Guoqing Shi, Yimin Wang, Feng Guan, and Junfang Jiang. "Effects of probiotic formulations on gastrointestinal tract morphological changes and gut microbiota in Hu lambs." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 1534-1555. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.12


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Xu, Ting, Siling Ding, Ye Xu, Siyu Yang, Yian Yao, Pengcheng Wan, Guoqing Shi, Yimin Wang, Feng Guan, and Junfang Jiang. "Effects of probiotic formulations on gastrointestinal tract morphological changes and gut microbiota in Hu lambs." Open Veterinary Journal 16.3 (2026), 1534-1555. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.12


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Xu, T., Ding, . S., Xu, . Y., Yang, . S., Yao, . Y., Wan, . P., Shi, . G., Wang, . Y., Guan, . F. & Jiang, . J. (2026) Effects of probiotic formulations on gastrointestinal tract morphological changes and gut microbiota in Hu lambs. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (3), 1534-1555. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i3.12


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