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Research Article


Optimal colonic preparation protocol using oral polyethylene glycol in the porcine model for endoscopic and gastrointestinal research

Julia Belotto Guaraná, Flávio Henrique Ferreira Galvão, Cinthia Ferreira Lanchotte, Rodrigo Romero Côrrea, Adriano Bonfim Carregaro, Alline Morgana Silva Leite, Samara Oliveira Pieritz, Alois Foltran Muller, Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória, Silvio Henrique De Freitas.


Abstract
Background:
The porcine model is valuable in biomedical research for its close anatomical, pathophysiological, and genetic similarity to humans, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract (GI). This similarity establishes the pig as an optimal model for investigating digestive diseases. However, direct use of human GI protocols, such as colonoscopy, is hindered by species-specific feeding behavior and extensive intestinal length.

Aim:
This study aimed to develop a bowel preparation protocol for pigs to facilitate advanced experimental GI studies.

Methods:
Four hybrid swine (Landrace × Large White; 115–260 kg) were assigned to two groups (n =2 each) to evaluate preparation methodologies. The control group underwent a 16-hour fast followed by a rectal osmotic laxative. The experimental group received an optimized protocol of 5 g/kg/day of oral Polyethylene Glycol 4000 mixed with dry feed, followed by a 16-hour fast and a rectal osmotic laxative two hours before the procedure.

Results:
Control group exhibited unsatisfactory luminal cleansing, requiring intra-procedural lavage. The experimental group achieved adequate mucosal visualization, obviating additional cleansing. The optimized regimen was well tolerated, with no adverse effects.

Conclusion:
The study resulted in an effective and reproducible bowel preparation protocol, demonstrating utility in high-body-weight swine, enhancing the model’s utility for advanced gastroenterology research. Further studies with larger samples are still needed.

Key words: Bowel preparation; Colonoscopy; GI tract; Pigs.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Guaraná JB, Galvão FHF, Lanchotte CF, Côrrea RR, Carregaro AB, Leite AMS, Pieritz SO, Muller AF, Dória RGS, Freitas SHD. Optimal colonic preparation protocol using oral polyethylene glycol in the porcine model for endoscopic and gastrointestinal research. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(9): 6092-6097. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.16

Web Style

Guaraná JB, Galvão FHF, Lanchotte CF, Côrrea RR, Carregaro AB, Leite AMS, Pieritz SO, Muller AF, Dória RGS, Freitas SHD. Optimal colonic preparation protocol using oral polyethylene glycol in the porcine model for endoscopic and gastrointestinal research. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=306236 [Access: September 16, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.16

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Guaraná JB, Galvão FHF, Lanchotte CF, Côrrea RR, Carregaro AB, Leite AMS, Pieritz SO, Muller AF, Dória RGS, Freitas SHD. Optimal colonic preparation protocol using oral polyethylene glycol in the porcine model for endoscopic and gastrointestinal research. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(9): 6092-6097. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.16


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Guaraná JB, Galvão FHF, Lanchotte CF, Côrrea RR, Carregaro AB, Leite AMS, Pieritz SO, Muller AF, Dória RGS, Freitas SHD. Optimal colonic preparation protocol using oral polyethylene glycol in the porcine model for endoscopic and gastrointestinal research. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited September 16, 2026]; 16(9): 6092-6097. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.16


Harvard Style

Guaraná, J. B., Galvão, . F. H. F., Lanchotte, . C. F., Côrrea, . R. R., Carregaro, . A. B., Leite, . A. M. S., Pieritz, . S. O., Muller, . A. F., Dória, . R. G. S. & Freitas, . S. H. D. (2026) Optimal colonic preparation protocol using oral polyethylene glycol in the porcine model for endoscopic and gastrointestinal research. Open Vet. J., 16 (9), 6092-6097. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.16


Turabian Style

Guaraná, Julia Belotto, Flávio Henrique Ferreira Galvão, Cinthia Ferreira Lanchotte, Rodrigo Romero Côrrea, Adriano Bonfim Carregaro, Alline Morgana Silva Leite, Samara Oliveira Pieritz, Alois Foltran Muller, Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória, and Silvio Henrique De Freitas. 2026. Optimal colonic preparation protocol using oral polyethylene glycol in the porcine model for endoscopic and gastrointestinal research. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (9), 6092-6097. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.16


Chicago Style

Guaraná, Julia Belotto, Flávio Henrique Ferreira Galvão, Cinthia Ferreira Lanchotte, Rodrigo Romero Côrrea, Adriano Bonfim Carregaro, Alline Morgana Silva Leite, Samara Oliveira Pieritz, Alois Foltran Muller, Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória, and Silvio Henrique De Freitas. "Optimal colonic preparation protocol using oral polyethylene glycol in the porcine model for endoscopic and gastrointestinal research." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 6092-6097. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.16


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Guaraná, Julia Belotto, Flávio Henrique Ferreira Galvão, Cinthia Ferreira Lanchotte, Rodrigo Romero Côrrea, Adriano Bonfim Carregaro, Alline Morgana Silva Leite, Samara Oliveira Pieritz, Alois Foltran Muller, Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória, and Silvio Henrique De Freitas. "Optimal colonic preparation protocol using oral polyethylene glycol in the porcine model for endoscopic and gastrointestinal research." Open Veterinary Journal 16.9 (2026), 6092-6097. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.16


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Guaraná, J. B., Galvão, . F. H. F., Lanchotte, . C. F., Côrrea, . R. R., Carregaro, . A. B., Leite, . A. M. S., Pieritz, . S. O., Muller, . A. F., Dória, . R. G. S. & Freitas, . S. H. D. (2026) Optimal colonic preparation protocol using oral polyethylene glycol in the porcine model for endoscopic and gastrointestinal research. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (9), 6092-6097. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.16


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