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Research Article 


Biological characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin Y from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Etawah Crossbreed goat milk and its potential to cause food poisoning

Fatkhanuddin Aziz, Dian Ritma Setyorini, Fauziah Fitriana, Shafira Amalia Putri, Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia.


Abstract
Background:
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) possesses various types of enterotoxins that are potential causative agents of food poisoning in milk and dairy products. The sey gene encoding Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Y (SEY) from an Indonesian ettawa crossbreed goat isolate exhibited differences in amino acid sequences compared with dairy cow and human isolates from Japan.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of recombinant SEY (rSEY) from S. aureus ettawa crossbreed goat isolate and determine its potential to cause food poisoning.

Methods:
rSEY from the sey gene of ettawa crossbreed goat isolate was obtained from gene cloning and overexpression in Escherichia coli. Six Histidine fusion-SEY was then purified using affinity chromatography. Stability tests of rSEY were performed by heating and proteolytic enzyme digestion. Emetic activity assays were performed using long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

Results:
The rSEY was expressed in a soluble form with a size of 23.5 kDa. Approximately 31.44 mg of purified toxin was obtained from 300 ml of bacterial culture. The toxin was stable against heating, trypsin, and pepsin for up to 12 h. Two of the 6 animals tested showed nausea, followed by vomiting within 2 h after toxin administration. Moreover, all monkeys with rSEY showed diarrhea in the 24 h observation period.

Conclusion:
The rSEY from ettawa crossbreed PE goat isolate demonstrated stability against heating and digestive enzymes and induced emetic activity in a primate model, highlighting the potential public health risk of contaminated goat milk and dairy products associated with staphylococcal food poisoning.

Key words: Emetic; Enterotoxin; Etawah crossbreed goat; Milk; S. aureus.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Aziz F, Setyorini DR, Fitriana F, Putri SA, Salasia SIO. Biological characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin Y from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Etawah Crossbreed goat milk and its potential to cause food poisoning. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.59

Web Style

Aziz F, Setyorini DR, Fitriana F, Putri SA, Salasia SIO. Biological characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin Y from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Etawah Crossbreed goat milk and its potential to cause food poisoning. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=309949 [Access: July 15, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.59

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Aziz F, Setyorini DR, Fitriana F, Putri SA, Salasia SIO. Biological characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin Y from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Etawah Crossbreed goat milk and its potential to cause food poisoning. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.59


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Aziz F, Setyorini DR, Fitriana F, Putri SA, Salasia SIO. Biological characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin Y from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Etawah Crossbreed goat milk and its potential to cause food poisoning. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.59


Harvard Style

Aziz, F., Setyorini, . D. R., Fitriana, . F., Putri, . S. A. & Salasia, . S. I. O. (2026) Biological characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin Y from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Etawah Crossbreed goat milk and its potential to cause food poisoning. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.59


Turabian Style

Aziz, Fatkhanuddin, Dian Ritma Setyorini, Fauziah Fitriana, Shafira Amalia Putri, and Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia. 2026. Biological characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin Y from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Etawah Crossbreed goat milk and its potential to cause food poisoning. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.59


Chicago Style

Aziz, Fatkhanuddin, Dian Ritma Setyorini, Fauziah Fitriana, Shafira Amalia Putri, and Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia. "Biological characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin Y from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Etawah Crossbreed goat milk and its potential to cause food poisoning." doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.59


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Aziz, Fatkhanuddin, Dian Ritma Setyorini, Fauziah Fitriana, Shafira Amalia Putri, and Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia. "Biological characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin Y from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Etawah Crossbreed goat milk and its potential to cause food poisoning." doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.59


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Aziz, F., Setyorini, . D. R., Fitriana, . F., Putri, . S. A. & Salasia, . S. I. O. (2026) Biological characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin Y from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Etawah Crossbreed goat milk and its potential to cause food poisoning. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.59


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