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2026, Vol: 16, Issue: 7
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Case Report


Clinical course of three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma following autologous tumor antigen vaccination

Shigeki Imamoto, Mikako Imamoto.


Abstract
Background:
Canine urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a locally invasive malignancy commonly associated with hematuria and progressive lower urinary tract signs. Although piroxicam is widely used as a medical treatment, tumor progression is frequently observed during follow-up. Additional therapeutic options are therefore needed for dogs with progressive disease.

Case Description:
Three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder TCC were treated with an autologous tumor antigen vaccine prepared from urine sediment. In Cases 1 and 2, vaccination was introduced after tumor progression during prolonged piroxicam treatment. In Case 3, vaccination and piroxicam were initiated concurrently at diagnosis. Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed throughout follow-up. Case 1 showed tumor regression after vaccination and survived 949 days from diagnosis. Case 2 was followed for at least 1,196 days and maintained a relatively slow clinical course. Case 3 survived 502 days from diagnosis. No severe adverse events attributable to vaccination were observed in any dog.

Conclusion:
Autologous tumor antigen vaccination was safely administered in all three dogs. Although treatment efficacy cannot be determined from this uncontrolled case series, prolonged survival and acceptable tolerability were observed. Further investigation of individualized immunotherapeutic approaches for canine urinary bladder TCC is warranted.

Key words: Autologous tumor vaccine; BRAF mutation; Canine bladder cancer; Immunotherapy; Transitional cell carcinoma.


 
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Pubmed Style

Imamoto S, Imamoto M. Clinical course of three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma following autologous tumor antigen vaccination. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(7): 4987-4991. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.77

Web Style

Imamoto S, Imamoto M. Clinical course of three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma following autologous tumor antigen vaccination. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=310012 [Access: July 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.77

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Imamoto S, Imamoto M. Clinical course of three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma following autologous tumor antigen vaccination. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(7): 4987-4991. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.77


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Imamoto S, Imamoto M. Clinical course of three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma following autologous tumor antigen vaccination. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited July 27, 2026]; 16(7): 4987-4991. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.77


Harvard Style

Imamoto, S. & Imamoto, . M. (2026) Clinical course of three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma following autologous tumor antigen vaccination. Open Vet. J., 16 (7), 4987-4991. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.77


Turabian Style

Imamoto, Shigeki, and Mikako Imamoto. 2026. Clinical course of three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma following autologous tumor antigen vaccination. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (7), 4987-4991. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.77


Chicago Style

Imamoto, Shigeki, and Mikako Imamoto. "Clinical course of three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma following autologous tumor antigen vaccination." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 4987-4991. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.77


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Imamoto, Shigeki, and Mikako Imamoto. "Clinical course of three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma following autologous tumor antigen vaccination." Open Veterinary Journal 16.7 (2026), 4987-4991. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.77


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Imamoto, S. & Imamoto, . M. (2026) Clinical course of three dogs with BRAF-mutated urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma following autologous tumor antigen vaccination. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (7), 4987-4991. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i7.77


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