Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems

Harimurti Nuradji; Aswin Rafif Khairullah; Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti; Agus Wiyono; Susan Maphilindawati Noor; Muharam Saepulloh; Rahmat Setya Adji; Fitrine Ekawasti; Ima Fauziah; Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani; Diana Nurjanah; Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala; Eny Martindah; Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani; Arundhina Girishanta; Ririn Setyowati; Helmi Helmi; Nguyen Huu Vu

doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

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Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(9): 5905-5922

doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems

Harimurti Nuradji, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti, Agus Wiyono, Susan Maphilindawati Noor, Muharam Saepulloh, Rahmat Setya Adji, Fitrine Ekawasti, Ima Fauziah, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Diana Nurjanah, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Eny Martindah, Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani, Arundhina Girishanta, Ririn Setyowati, Helmi Helmi, Nguyen Huu Vu.

Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) causes duck viral hepatitis (DVH), an acute viral disease that affects young ducks and
is marked by rapid and severe liver damage as well as high mortality. This disease spreads quickly within a population
and mostly affects ducks younger than 3 weeks of age. DHAV is a non-enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded
RNA virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family that causes widespread hepatic necrosis due to its strong hepatocyte
tropism. The fecal-oral route is the main method of transmission, and contaminated habitats, drinking water, feed, and
fomites are the sources of infection. Clinically, DVH is peracute, with few symptoms before death, which frequently
makes field detection challenging. Degeneration, congestion, and widespread hepatocellular necrosis are common
pathological liver alterations. A combination of clinical observation, pathological lesion evaluation, and molecular
confirmation, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), is used to make the diagnosis. Since
no specific antiviral treatment is currently available, management concentrates on control and supportive measures
such as immunization, biosecurity, and appropriate husbandry practices. To provide initial protection by maternal
antibody transmission, vaccination of the duck is essential. DVH has a substantial economic impact due to greater
mortality, decreased productivity, and higher disease control expenses. Therefore, efforts to prevent and control this
disease in duck production systems require a thorough understanding of its characteristics.

Key words: Acute viral disease; Biosecurity; Duck viral hepatitis; Ducks; Liver necrosis.

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Nuradji H, Khairullah AR, Dharmayanti NLPI, Wiyono A, Noor SM, Saepulloh M, Adji RS, Ekawasti F, Fauziah I, Prihandani SS, Nurjanah D, Kusala MKJ, Martindah E, Wahyuwardani S, Girishanta A, Setyowati R, Helmi H, Vu NH. Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(9): 5905-5922. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

Web Style

Nuradji H, Khairullah AR, Dharmayanti NLPI, Wiyono A, Noor SM, Saepulloh M, Adji RS, Ekawasti F, Fauziah I, Prihandani SS, Nurjanah D, Kusala MKJ, Martindah E, Wahyuwardani S, Girishanta A, Setyowati R, Helmi H, Vu NH. Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=321354 [Access: September 01, 2026]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Nuradji H, Khairullah AR, Dharmayanti NLPI, Wiyono A, Noor SM, Saepulloh M, Adji RS, Ekawasti F, Fauziah I, Prihandani SS, Nurjanah D, Kusala MKJ, Martindah E, Wahyuwardani S, Girishanta A, Setyowati R, Helmi H, Vu NH. Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems. Open Vet. J.. 2026; 16(9): 5905-5922. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Nuradji H, Khairullah AR, Dharmayanti NLPI, Wiyono A, Noor SM, Saepulloh M, Adji RS, Ekawasti F, Fauziah I, Prihandani SS, Nurjanah D, Kusala MKJ, Martindah E, Wahyuwardani S, Girishanta A, Setyowati R, Helmi H, Vu NH. Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems. Open Vet. J.. (2026), [cited September 01, 2026]; 16(9): 5905-5922. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

Harvard Style

Nuradji, H., Khairullah, . A. R., Dharmayanti, . N. L. P. I., Wiyono, . A., Noor, . S. M., Saepulloh, . M., Adji, . R. S., Ekawasti, . F., Fauziah, . I., Prihandani, . S. S., Nurjanah, . D., Kusala, . M. K. J., Martindah, . E., Wahyuwardani, . S., Girishanta, . A., Setyowati, . R., Helmi, . H. & Vu, . N. H. (2026) Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems. Open Vet. J., 16 (9), 5905-5922. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

Turabian Style

Nuradji, Harimurti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti, Agus Wiyono, Susan Maphilindawati Noor, Muharam Saepulloh, Rahmat Setya Adji, Fitrine Ekawasti, Ima Fauziah, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Diana Nurjanah, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Eny Martindah, Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani, Arundhina Girishanta, Ririn Setyowati, Helmi Helmi, and Nguyen Huu Vu. 2026. Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (9), 5905-5922. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

Chicago Style

Nuradji, Harimurti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti, Agus Wiyono, Susan Maphilindawati Noor, Muharam Saepulloh, Rahmat Setya Adji, Fitrine Ekawasti, Ima Fauziah, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Diana Nurjanah, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Eny Martindah, Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani, Arundhina Girishanta, Ririn Setyowati, Helmi Helmi, and Nguyen Huu Vu. "Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems." Open Veterinary Journal 16 (2026), 5905-5922. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Nuradji, Harimurti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti, Agus Wiyono, Susan Maphilindawati Noor, Muharam Saepulloh, Rahmat Setya Adji, Fitrine Ekawasti, Ima Fauziah, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Diana Nurjanah, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Eny Martindah, Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani, Arundhina Girishanta, Ririn Setyowati, Helmi Helmi, and Nguyen Huu Vu. "Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems." Open Veterinary Journal 16.9 (2026), 5905-5922. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Nuradji, H., Khairullah, . A. R., Dharmayanti, . N. L. P. I., Wiyono, . A., Noor, . S. M., Saepulloh, . M., Adji, . R. S., Ekawasti, . F., Fauziah, . I., Prihandani, . S. S., Nurjanah, . D., Kusala, . M. K. J., Martindah, . E., Wahyuwardani, . S., Girishanta, . A., Setyowati, . R., Helmi, . H. & Vu, . N. H. (2026) Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV): Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control in duck production systems. Open Veterinary Journal, 16 (9), 5905-5922. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i9.1

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