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Case Report


The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: clinical case report

Rosina Sánchez Solé , Graciela Pedreira , José Manuel Venzal , Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves, Paula Pessina Serdio.


Abstract
Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in dogs. It is characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphocytes in the bone marrow, which are morphologically normal (mature), but non-functional. CLL in canines commonly originates in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (TCD8+), and although there is controversy regarding the prognostic value of the immunophenotype, this cell lineage may be associated with a good prognosis.
Case description: A 10-year-old, entire female, mixed-breed dog was brought to the University Hospital of the Veterinary Faculty (UdelaR) for consultation because a routine pre-surgical check-up revealed lymphocytic leukocytosis, normocytic anemia, and hyperglobulinemia due to an oligoclonal gammopathy. The ultrasound revealed splenomegaly. PCR performed on blood was negative for Ehrlichia canis. Blood and bone marrow flow cytometry was performed to complement the diagnosis and carry out the immunophenotype, which showed CLL of CD8+ T-cell lineage. The clinical suspicion of CLL was confirmed by myelogram. Chemotherapy treatment based on alkylating agents and glucocorticoids was established. So far, the patient has an overall survival of 13 months with a good response to treatment.
Conclusion: The combination of immunophenotyping test, the myelogram, and the hematological and biochemical profile confirmed the presence of T-CLL in our patient. Flow cytometry, increasingly used in veterinary medicine, allowed us to confirm the diagnosis of CLL originating in cytotoxic T lymphocytes in our patient, through the presence of positive staining of primary antibodies specific for the canine species CD45, CD3, CD5 and CD8 and the absence of staining for CD4, CD21 and CD34.

Key words: canine, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, chronic leukemia, immunophenotype, lymphocytosis


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

RSS, GP, JMV, Fonseca-Alves CE, Serdio PP, . The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: clinical case report. Open Vet J. 2022; 12(6): 868-876. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.13

Web Style

RSS, GP, JMV, Fonseca-Alves CE, Serdio PP, . The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: clinical case report. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=43916 [Access: April 10, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.13

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

RSS, GP, JMV, Fonseca-Alves CE, Serdio PP, . The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: clinical case report. Open Vet J. 2022; 12(6): 868-876. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.13


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

RSS, GP, JMV, Fonseca-Alves CE, Serdio PP, . The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: clinical case report. Open Vet J. (2022), [cited April 10, 2024]; 12(6): 868-876. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.13


Harvard Style

, R. S. S., , G. P., , J. M. V., Fonseca-Alves, C. E., Serdio, P. P. & (2022) The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: clinical case report. Open Vet J, 12 (6), 868-876. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.13


Turabian Style

, Rosina Sánchez Solé, Graciela Pedreira, José Manuel Venzal, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves, Paula Pessina Serdio, and . 2022. The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: clinical case report. Open Veterinary Journal, 12 (6), 868-876. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.13


Chicago Style

, Rosina Sánchez Solé, Graciela Pedreira, José Manuel Venzal, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves, Paula Pessina Serdio, and . "The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: clinical case report." Open Veterinary Journal 12 (2022), 868-876. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.13


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

, Rosina Sánchez Solé, Graciela Pedreira, José Manuel Venzal, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves, Paula Pessina Serdio, and . "The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: clinical case report." Open Veterinary Journal 12.6 (2022), 868-876. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.13


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

, R. S. S., , G. P., , J. M. V., Fonseca-Alves, C. E., Serdio, P. P. & (2022) The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: clinical case report. Open Veterinary Journal, 12 (6), 868-876. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.13


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