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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 2
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Short Communication


Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan

Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir.


Abstract
Abstract
Background: Afghanistan is one of the biggest opium producing country in the world. There are more than a million drug addicts in the country, which most of them are living in public places. Stray dogs who lives with drug addicts are at highest risk of inhaling drugs
Aim: Aim of this study is to evaluate changes in physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs inhaling drugs.
Methods: Total of 12 dogs were assigned into two groups of healthy and infected (stray dogs who inhale drugs) dogs. Physical and biochemical parameters of both groups were evaluated.
Results: Subjective evaluation showed clinical changes such as congestion of conjunctiva in infected group. Biochemical examination showed significantly higher level of glucose (P<0.05) and total protein (P<0.01) in infected group compared to healthy group. The ratio of other biochemical parameters was slightly decreased as compare to healthy dogs.
Conclusion: Drug inhalation can alter biochemical parameters like glucose and total protein in dogs.
Keywords: Addicts, Biochemical parameters, Opium, Physical parameters, Stray dogs

Key words: Keywords: stray dogs, addicts, biochemical parameters, opium


 
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Pubmed Style

Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir|. Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan. Open Vet J. 2022; 12(4): 426-429. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.1

Web Style

Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir|. Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=84008 [Access: March 18, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.1

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir|. Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan. Open Vet J. 2022; 12(4): 426-429. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.1


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir|. Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan. Open Vet J. (2022), [cited March 18, 2025]; 12(4): 426-429. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.1


Harvard Style

Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir| (2022) Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan. Open Vet J, 12 (4), 426-429. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.1


Turabian Style

Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir|. 2022. Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan. Open Veterinary Journal, 12 (4), 426-429. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.1


Chicago Style

Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir|. "Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan." Open Veterinary Journal 12 (2022), 426-429. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.1


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir|. "Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan." Open Veterinary Journal 12.4 (2022), 426-429. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.1


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir| (2022) Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan. Open Veterinary Journal, 12 (4), 426-429. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.1


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