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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 2
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Research Article


Designing a multiepitope mRNA- based vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immuno-informatics and molecular modelling approach

Zainab Isam Alawadi, Amjed Alsultan, Dhama Alsallami, Sultan F. Alnomasy, Mohammed Alqasmi, Fawaz M Almufarriji, Bader S. Alotaibi, Bi Bi Zainab Mazhari, Rawaf Alenazy.


Abstract
Background:
Escherichia coli is one of the serious pathogens causing various infections in the animal field, such as neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), which is responsible for mortality associated with diarrhea during the first days of life.
Aim:
Current work is aimed to designing an effective and safe multi-epitope vaccine candidate against E. coli infection in calves based on the fimbrial protein K99 of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Immuno-informatics.
Methods:
A conserved sequence of K99 protein was generated, and then highly antigenic, non-allergic, and overlapped epitopes were used to construct a multi-epitope vaccine. Five THL, six MHC II, and four beta cell epitopes were targeted to create the candidate. The candidate vaccine was produced utilizing 15 epitopes and three types of linkers, two types of untranslated region (UTR) human hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB), UTR beta-globin (Rabb), and RpfE protein as an immunomodulation adjuvant.
Results:
Immuno-informatics analysis of the constructed protein showed that the protein was antigenic (antigenic score of 0.8841), stable, non-allergen, and soluble. Furthermore, the Immuno-informatics and Physiochemical analysis of the constructed protein showed a stable, non-allergic, soluble, hydrophilic, and acidic PI (isoelectric point). of 9.34. Docking of the candidate vaccine with the toll-like receptor TLR3 was performed, and results showed a strong interaction between the immune receptor and the vaccine. Finally, the expression efficiency of the construct in Escherichia coli was estimated via computational cloning of the vaccine sequence into Pet28a.
Conclusion:
Results of Immunoinformatics and in silico approaches reveals that designed vaccine is antigenic, stable, and able to bind to the immune cell receptors. Our results interpret the proposed multi-epitope mRNA vaccine as a good preventive option against E coli infection in calves.

Key words: Neonatal calf diarrhea, Fimbrial protein K99, Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Multi-epitope vaccine, mRNA vaccine


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alawadi ZI, Alsultan A, Alsallami D, Alnomasy SF, Alqasmi M, Almufarriji FM, Alotaibi BS, Mazhari BBZ, Alenazy R. Designing a multiepitope mRNA- based vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immuno-informatics and molecular modelling approach. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(6): 1417-1425. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.9

Web Style

Alawadi ZI, Alsultan A, Alsallami D, Alnomasy SF, Alqasmi M, Almufarriji FM, Alotaibi BS, Mazhari BBZ, Alenazy R. Designing a multiepitope mRNA- based vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immuno-informatics and molecular modelling approach. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=193762 [Access: March 18, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.9

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alawadi ZI, Alsultan A, Alsallami D, Alnomasy SF, Alqasmi M, Almufarriji FM, Alotaibi BS, Mazhari BBZ, Alenazy R. Designing a multiepitope mRNA- based vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immuno-informatics and molecular modelling approach. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(6): 1417-1425. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.9


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alawadi ZI, Alsultan A, Alsallami D, Alnomasy SF, Alqasmi M, Almufarriji FM, Alotaibi BS, Mazhari BBZ, Alenazy R. Designing a multiepitope mRNA- based vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immuno-informatics and molecular modelling approach. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited March 18, 2025]; 14(6): 1417-1425. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.9


Harvard Style

Alawadi, Z. I., Alsultan, . A., Alsallami, . D., Alnomasy, . S. F., Alqasmi, . M., Almufarriji, . F. M., Alotaibi, . B. S., Mazhari, . B. B. Z. & Alenazy, . R. (2024) Designing a multiepitope mRNA- based vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immuno-informatics and molecular modelling approach. Open Vet J, 14 (6), 1417-1425. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.9


Turabian Style

Alawadi, Zainab Isam, Amjed Alsultan, Dhama Alsallami, Sultan F. Alnomasy, Mohammed Alqasmi, Fawaz M Almufarriji, Bader S. Alotaibi, Bi Bi Zainab Mazhari, and Rawaf Alenazy. 2024. Designing a multiepitope mRNA- based vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immuno-informatics and molecular modelling approach. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (6), 1417-1425. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.9


Chicago Style

Alawadi, Zainab Isam, Amjed Alsultan, Dhama Alsallami, Sultan F. Alnomasy, Mohammed Alqasmi, Fawaz M Almufarriji, Bader S. Alotaibi, Bi Bi Zainab Mazhari, and Rawaf Alenazy. "Designing a multiepitope mRNA- based vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immuno-informatics and molecular modelling approach." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 1417-1425. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.9


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alawadi, Zainab Isam, Amjed Alsultan, Dhama Alsallami, Sultan F. Alnomasy, Mohammed Alqasmi, Fawaz M Almufarriji, Bader S. Alotaibi, Bi Bi Zainab Mazhari, and Rawaf Alenazy. "Designing a multiepitope mRNA- based vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immuno-informatics and molecular modelling approach." Open Veterinary Journal 14.6 (2024), 1417-1425. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.9


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alawadi, Z. I., Alsultan, . A., Alsallami, . D., Alnomasy, . S. F., Alqasmi, . M., Almufarriji, . F. M., Alotaibi, . B. S., Mazhari, . B. B. Z. & Alenazy, . R. (2024) Designing a multiepitope mRNA- based vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in calves: Immuno-informatics and molecular modelling approach. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (6), 1417-1425. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.9


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