Abstract
Background:
Pasundan bulls are one of Indonesia's indigenous cattle breeds. The quality of frozen semen is essential for the success of artificial insemination (AI), as individual variations in parameters such as sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity greatly influence reproductive outcomes.

Aim:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of frozen semen from Pasundan bulls with different individual variations.

Methods:
Frozen semen from eight Pasundan bulls were obtained from the West Java Regional Artificial Insemination Center (RAIC). Sperm motility was assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA; SpermVision®, Germany). Sperm viability and abnormalities were determined by eosin-nigrosine staining. Plasma membrane integrity was evaluated using the hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test, acrosome integrity was assessed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-propidium iodide (FITC-PNA-PI), and protamine deficiency was measured using chromomycin A3 fluorescence staining.

Results:
Significant individual variations (p < 0.05) were found across all parameters of frozen semen quality, except for sperm abnormalities, which showed no significant differences (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The results indicate that individual variations significantly impact all quality parameters of frozen semen from Pasundan bulls, with the exception of sperm abnormalities. A comprehensive evaluation of individual bulls is therefore essential for producing high-quality frozen semen.

Key words: Fluorescent, Local bulls, Comprehensive evaluation, Pasundan bull