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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 1
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Research Article


Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene)

Siswani Siswani, Mochammad Hatta, Muflihanah Muflihanah, Nurul Muslinah Muhiddin, Fitrine Ekawasti, Rini Damayanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Putri Reno Intan, Fitriana Fitriana, Muhammad Ibrahim Desem, Ratih Rinendyaputri.


Abstract
Background:
Indonesia is currently experiencing a foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in livestock, caused by the foot and mouth disease virus. FMDV is easily spread to cause outbreaks in new geographical locations. Identifying Foot and mouth diseases virus infection through early diagnostic testing is important to track and prevent the spread of FMD in Indonesia. The use of appropriate samples is a crucial step in a study or survey to provide accurate results for diagnosis.

Aim:
The aim of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity of relevant oral mucosal epithelial swab, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma specimen samples for FMDV diagnosis using one-step RT-PCR (3D).

Methods:
Sampling was carried out by judgment or purposive, namely selecting animals that showed symptoms of the disease. A total of 109 samples were collected consisting of 3 types of oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma collected from each cow reported as suspected FMD in 8 districts in South Sulawesi were tested for FMDV using one step RT-PCR (3D).

Results:
FMDV infection in oral mucosal epithelial swabs (ct=28.9), saliva (ct=30.62), and blood plasma (ct=37.17) compared to controls used from the Farma Veterinary Center (ct=29.10) using RT PCR (3D gene). These results indicate that the sensitivity value of oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens is the same as positive controls, even more sensitive, then when compared to saliva or blood plasma specimens. Sensitivity depends on the CT value for each RT PCR test and should be preferred in crucial situations if possible.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that using oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens are more sensitive to be used as superior samples for FMDV detection using RT-PCR (3D) as a powerful tool for early detection to enable faster and effective treatment.

Key words: FMDV, RT-PCR, South Sulawesi, Specimen


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Siswani S, Hatta M, Muflihanah M, Muhiddin NM, Ekawasti F, Damayanti R, Ahmad RZ, Intan PR, Fitriana F, Desem MI, Rinendyaputri R. Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene). Open Vet J. 2025; 15(1): 252-260. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.23

Web Style

Siswani S, Hatta M, Muflihanah M, Muhiddin NM, Ekawasti F, Damayanti R, Ahmad RZ, Intan PR, Fitriana F, Desem MI, Rinendyaputri R. Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene). https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=220004 [Access: February 16, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.23

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Siswani S, Hatta M, Muflihanah M, Muhiddin NM, Ekawasti F, Damayanti R, Ahmad RZ, Intan PR, Fitriana F, Desem MI, Rinendyaputri R. Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene). Open Vet J. 2025; 15(1): 252-260. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.23


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Siswani S, Hatta M, Muflihanah M, Muhiddin NM, Ekawasti F, Damayanti R, Ahmad RZ, Intan PR, Fitriana F, Desem MI, Rinendyaputri R. Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene). Open Vet J. (2025), [cited February 16, 2025]; 15(1): 252-260. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.23


Harvard Style

Siswani, S., Hatta, . M., Muflihanah, . M., Muhiddin, . N. M., Ekawasti, . F., Damayanti, . R., Ahmad, . R. Z., Intan, . P. R., Fitriana, . F., Desem, . M. I. & Rinendyaputri, . R. (2025) Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene). Open Vet J, 15 (1), 252-260. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.23


Turabian Style

Siswani, Siswani, Mochammad Hatta, Muflihanah Muflihanah, Nurul Muslinah Muhiddin, Fitrine Ekawasti, Rini Damayanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Putri Reno Intan, Fitriana Fitriana, Muhammad Ibrahim Desem, and Ratih Rinendyaputri. 2025. Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene). Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (1), 252-260. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.23


Chicago Style

Siswani, Siswani, Mochammad Hatta, Muflihanah Muflihanah, Nurul Muslinah Muhiddin, Fitrine Ekawasti, Rini Damayanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Putri Reno Intan, Fitriana Fitriana, Muhammad Ibrahim Desem, and Ratih Rinendyaputri. "Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene)." Open Veterinary Journal 15 (2025), 252-260. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.23


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Siswani, Siswani, Mochammad Hatta, Muflihanah Muflihanah, Nurul Muslinah Muhiddin, Fitrine Ekawasti, Rini Damayanti, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Putri Reno Intan, Fitriana Fitriana, Muhammad Ibrahim Desem, and Ratih Rinendyaputri. "Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene)." Open Veterinary Journal 15.1 (2025), 252-260. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.23


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Siswani, S., Hatta, . M., Muflihanah, . M., Muhiddin, . N. M., Ekawasti, . F., Damayanti, . R., Ahmad, . R. Z., Intan, . P. R., Fitriana, . F., Desem, . M. I. & Rinendyaputri, . R. (2025) Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (3D gene). Open Veterinary Journal, 15 (1), 252-260. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i1.23


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