E-ISSN 2218-6050 | ISSN 2226-4485
 

Review Article


An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease

Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany.


Cited By:5

Abstract
Ornithobacteriosis is considered as an important emerging respiratory disease of domestic and wild birds that caused by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) bacterium. The disease has been detected in some countries since 1980, later on it rapidly distributed worldwide. Ornithobacteriosis can transmit either horizontally or even vertically. Infection with ORT is mainly characterized by respiratory distress, poor performance, acute death and drop in egg production. However, the most characteristic necropsy lesions of dead turkeys and chickens are yoghurt like airsacculitis and pneumonia. Unfortunately, infection with ORT was misdiagnosed in most of poultry flocks due to similarity with other respiratory pathogens and the lack of the ideal protocols for diagnosis. Recently, some molecular and serological techniques are used to detect the infection. Treatment of ORT with antibiotics is very difficult and variable as a result of acquired resistance. Many types of vaccines have been developed to counteract such infection in broiler, layers and breeder chicken and turkey flocks. Inactivated, live and sub-unit vaccines have been used with satisfactory results. Thus, this review article aimed to address ornithobacteriosis, emphasizing the distribution, transmission, clinical picture, diagnosis and the control of the disease.

Key words: Diagnosis, Incidence, ORT, Treatment, Vaccination


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany. An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease. Open Vet J. 2021; 11(4): 555-568. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.5


Web Style

Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany. An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=77590 [Access: March 13, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.5


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany. An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease. Open Vet J. 2021; 11(4): 555-568. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.5



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany. An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease. Open Vet J. (2021), [cited March 13, 2024]; 11(4): 555-568. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.5



Harvard Style

Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany (2021) An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease. Open Vet J, 11 (4), 555-568. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.5



Turabian Style

Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany. 2021. An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease. Open Veterinary Journal, 11 (4), 555-568. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.5



Chicago Style

Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany. "An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease." Open Veterinary Journal 11 (2021), 555-568. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.5



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany. "An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease." Open Veterinary Journal 11.4 (2021), 555-568. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.5



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany (2021) An updated comprehensive review on ornithobacteriosis: A worldwide emerging avian respiratory disease. Open Veterinary Journal, 11 (4), 555-568. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i4.5