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Research Article


Acute toxicity effects of ethylene glycol on lethal dose 50 (LD50), urine production, and histopathology change renal tubule cell in mice

Dewa Ketut Meles, Imam Mustofa, Wurlina Wurlina, Clarissa Audreylea Donova, Essi Rayareswari Hidayanti, Niluh Suwasanti, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Satriawan Wedniyanto Putra, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Wasito Wasito, Ricadonna Raissa.


Abstract
Background:
The LD50 (lethal dose causing 50% mortality) of ethylene glycol (EG) and its associated toxicity in mice (Mus musculus) were assessed by evaluating kidney function.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the acute toxicity of oral lethal dose 50% (LD50) of ethylene glycol, also degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell invasion in kidney tubules of male rats (Rattus norvegicus) as animal model.

Methods:
There were 66 DDG (Deutschland Denken Yoken) mice in 11 groups of six in this investigation. The daylong metabolic cage study contained one control (C) and ten treatment groups that received different EG doses. EG's daily BW/kg dosage varied from 0.5 mg/kg to 15,000 mg/kg. The treatment group was given a single dose of EG at a dose of T1 = 0.5 mg/kg BW, T2 = 1.57 mg/kg BW, T3 = 4.94 mg/kg BW, T4 = 15.54 mg/kg BW, T5 = 48.84 mg/kg BW, T6 = 153.55 mg/kg BW, T7 = 482.74 mg/kg BW, and T8 = 1517.66 mg/kg BW T9 = 4771.24 mg/kg BW, T10 = 14999.99 ≈ 15. 000 mg/kg BW. One-way ANOVA testing was used to analyze the data.

Results:
The LD50 value of EG in mice was determined to be 1.598 mg/kg BW, classifying EG as "Slightly Toxic." According to renal histopathology, EG dosage increased renal tubular degeneration, necrosis, and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. Acute renal impairment and lower urine output were observed in the EG (4.94 mg/kg - 1517.66 mg/kg BW). Histologically, EG levels are associated with renal tubular cell degeneration, necrosis, and interstitial inflammatory cell growth.

Conclusion:
Acute EG exposure caused renal failure in male mice. Acute exposure to EG causes renal tubular cell degeneration and inflammation, indicating toxicity and health hazards.

Key words: Disease, EG, LD50, Renal, Toxic


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Wurlina W, Donova CA, Hidayanti ER, Suwasanti N, Rosyada ZNA, Khairullah AR, Akintunde AO, Mustofa RI, Putra SW, Ahmad RZ, Wasito W, Raissa R. Acute toxicity effects of ethylene glycol on lethal dose 50 (LD50), urine production, and histopathology change renal tubule cell in mice. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(12): 3539-3551. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.36

Web Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Wurlina W, Donova CA, Hidayanti ER, Suwasanti N, Rosyada ZNA, Khairullah AR, Akintunde AO, Mustofa RI, Putra SW, Ahmad RZ, Wasito W, Raissa R. Acute toxicity effects of ethylene glycol on lethal dose 50 (LD50), urine production, and histopathology change renal tubule cell in mice. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=224812 [Access: January 21, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.36

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Wurlina W, Donova CA, Hidayanti ER, Suwasanti N, Rosyada ZNA, Khairullah AR, Akintunde AO, Mustofa RI, Putra SW, Ahmad RZ, Wasito W, Raissa R. Acute toxicity effects of ethylene glycol on lethal dose 50 (LD50), urine production, and histopathology change renal tubule cell in mice. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(12): 3539-3551. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.36


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Meles DK, Mustofa I, Wurlina W, Donova CA, Hidayanti ER, Suwasanti N, Rosyada ZNA, Khairullah AR, Akintunde AO, Mustofa RI, Putra SW, Ahmad RZ, Wasito W, Raissa R. Acute toxicity effects of ethylene glycol on lethal dose 50 (LD50), urine production, and histopathology change renal tubule cell in mice. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited January 21, 2025]; 14(12): 3539-3551. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.36


Harvard Style

Meles, D. K., Mustofa, . I., Wurlina, . W., Donova, . C. A., Hidayanti, . E. R., Suwasanti, . N., Rosyada, . Z. N. A., Khairullah, . A. R., Akintunde, . A. O., Mustofa, . R. I., Putra, . S. W., Ahmad, . R. Z., Wasito, . W. & Raissa, . R. (2024) Acute toxicity effects of ethylene glycol on lethal dose 50 (LD50), urine production, and histopathology change renal tubule cell in mice. Open Vet J, 14 (12), 3539-3551. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.36


Turabian Style

Meles, Dewa Ketut, Imam Mustofa, Wurlina Wurlina, Clarissa Audreylea Donova, Essi Rayareswari Hidayanti, Niluh Suwasanti, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Satriawan Wedniyanto Putra, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Wasito Wasito, and Ricadonna Raissa. 2024. Acute toxicity effects of ethylene glycol on lethal dose 50 (LD50), urine production, and histopathology change renal tubule cell in mice. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (12), 3539-3551. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.36


Chicago Style

Meles, Dewa Ketut, Imam Mustofa, Wurlina Wurlina, Clarissa Audreylea Donova, Essi Rayareswari Hidayanti, Niluh Suwasanti, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Satriawan Wedniyanto Putra, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Wasito Wasito, and Ricadonna Raissa. "Acute toxicity effects of ethylene glycol on lethal dose 50 (LD50), urine production, and histopathology change renal tubule cell in mice." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 3539-3551. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.36


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Meles, Dewa Ketut, Imam Mustofa, Wurlina Wurlina, Clarissa Audreylea Donova, Essi Rayareswari Hidayanti, Niluh Suwasanti, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Satriawan Wedniyanto Putra, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Wasito Wasito, and Ricadonna Raissa. "Acute toxicity effects of ethylene glycol on lethal dose 50 (LD50), urine production, and histopathology change renal tubule cell in mice." Open Veterinary Journal 14.12 (2024), 3539-3551. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.36


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Meles, D. K., Mustofa, . I., Wurlina, . W., Donova, . C. A., Hidayanti, . E. R., Suwasanti, . N., Rosyada, . Z. N. A., Khairullah, . A. R., Akintunde, . A. O., Mustofa, . R. I., Putra, . S. W., Ahmad, . R. Z., Wasito, . W. & Raissa, . R. (2024) Acute toxicity effects of ethylene glycol on lethal dose 50 (LD50), urine production, and histopathology change renal tubule cell in mice. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (12), 3539-3551. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.36


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