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Research Article


Selection of Lactobacillus strains from native chicken feces for the fermentation of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic alternative against Salmonella spp. in chickens

Phan Vu Hai, Hoang Thi Anh Phuong, Pham Hoang Son Hung, Tran Thi Na, Ngo Huu Lai, Nguyen Dinh Thuy Khuong, Tran Ngoc Liem, Nguyen Xuan Hoa.


Abstract
Background:
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in poultry pathogens necessitates the development of sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. Probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus spp., have shown promise in combating bacterial infections in poultry. Purple onion extract (OE) possesses antibacterial properties and can potentially enhance the probiotic efficacy of Lactobacillus strains.

Aim:
This study aimed to develop a biological product based on Lactobacillus-fermented OE (LFOE) as a sustainable alternative to antibiotics for the control of Salmonella-induced diarrhea in poultry.

Methods:
Lactobacillus strains were isolated from native free-range chicken feces and screened for their antibacterial activity against S. pullorum NCTC10705 and S. typhimurium FC13827, as well as their survival rate in OE. Six promising strains were selected and further characterized for their ability to ferment OE and their co-aggregation ability against the pathogenic bacteria using scanning electron microscopy. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for bacterial identification. The selected strain was used for fermentation in OE, and the resulting product was freeze-dried into a biological preparation. In vivo studies in chicks were conducted to assess the safety and intestinal persistence of LFOE.

Results:
From an initial pool of 68 Lactobacillus strains, six promising candidates (L. plantarum 1582, L. plantarum WCFS1, L. plantarum JDM1, L. acidophilus NCFM, L. agilis DSM 20509, and L. agilis La3) were selected based on their antibacterial activity and high survival rate in OE. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the ability of these strains to ferment OE and co-aggregate with pathogenic bacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed their taxonomic identity as Lactobacillus. L. plantarum 1582, selected for its superior probiotic properties, was used to ferment OE (LFOE), which proved safe for chicks and demonstrated the strain's ability to survive temporarily in the intestine.

Conclusion:
This study successfully developed a biopreparation based on LFOE as a potential alternative to antibiotics for the control of Salmonella-induced diarrhea in poultry. However, regular re-supplementation is required to maintain probiotic efficacy due to the transient nature of intestinal colonization.

Key words: Antibiotic resistance, Chicken, Lactobacillus, Onion, Salmonella


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Hai PV, Phuong HTA, Hung PHS, Na TT, Lai NH, Khuong NDT, Liem TN, Hoa NX. Selection of Lactobacillus strains from native chicken feces for the fermentation of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic alternative against Salmonella spp. in chickens. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(12): 3525-3538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.35

Web Style

Hai PV, Phuong HTA, Hung PHS, Na TT, Lai NH, Khuong NDT, Liem TN, Hoa NX. Selection of Lactobacillus strains from native chicken feces for the fermentation of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic alternative against Salmonella spp. in chickens. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=225342 [Access: January 22, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.35

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hai PV, Phuong HTA, Hung PHS, Na TT, Lai NH, Khuong NDT, Liem TN, Hoa NX. Selection of Lactobacillus strains from native chicken feces for the fermentation of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic alternative against Salmonella spp. in chickens. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(12): 3525-3538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.35


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hai PV, Phuong HTA, Hung PHS, Na TT, Lai NH, Khuong NDT, Liem TN, Hoa NX. Selection of Lactobacillus strains from native chicken feces for the fermentation of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic alternative against Salmonella spp. in chickens. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited January 22, 2025]; 14(12): 3525-3538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.35


Harvard Style

Hai, P. V., Phuong, . H. T. A., Hung, . P. H. S., Na, . T. T., Lai, . N. H., Khuong, . N. D. T., Liem, . T. N. & Hoa, . N. X. (2024) Selection of Lactobacillus strains from native chicken feces for the fermentation of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic alternative against Salmonella spp. in chickens. Open Vet J, 14 (12), 3525-3538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.35


Turabian Style

Hai, Phan Vu, Hoang Thi Anh Phuong, Pham Hoang Son Hung, Tran Thi Na, Ngo Huu Lai, Nguyen Dinh Thuy Khuong, Tran Ngoc Liem, and Nguyen Xuan Hoa. 2024. Selection of Lactobacillus strains from native chicken feces for the fermentation of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic alternative against Salmonella spp. in chickens. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (12), 3525-3538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.35


Chicago Style

Hai, Phan Vu, Hoang Thi Anh Phuong, Pham Hoang Son Hung, Tran Thi Na, Ngo Huu Lai, Nguyen Dinh Thuy Khuong, Tran Ngoc Liem, and Nguyen Xuan Hoa. "Selection of Lactobacillus strains from native chicken feces for the fermentation of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic alternative against Salmonella spp. in chickens." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 3525-3538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.35


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hai, Phan Vu, Hoang Thi Anh Phuong, Pham Hoang Son Hung, Tran Thi Na, Ngo Huu Lai, Nguyen Dinh Thuy Khuong, Tran Ngoc Liem, and Nguyen Xuan Hoa. "Selection of Lactobacillus strains from native chicken feces for the fermentation of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic alternative against Salmonella spp. in chickens." Open Veterinary Journal 14.12 (2024), 3525-3538. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.35


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hai, P. V., Phuong, . H. T. A., Hung, . P. H. S., Na, . T. T., Lai, . N. H., Khuong, . N. D. T., Liem, . T. N. & Hoa, . N. X. (2024) Selection of Lactobacillus strains from native chicken feces for the fermentation of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic alternative against Salmonella spp. in chickens. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (12), 3525-3538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.35


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