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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 2
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Review Article


Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs: A review of the scientific literature

Ines Esteves Dias, Diogo Filipe Cardoso, Carla Sofia Soares, Luis Carlos Barros, Carlos Antunes Viegas, Pedro Pires Carvalho, Isabel Ribeiro Dias.


Cited By:9

Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, defined by their ability to self-renew, while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into a certain number of cells, presumably from its own germinal layer. MSCs therapy is based in their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory (immunosuppressive) and regenerative potential. The aim of this review is to provide a clinical overview of the MSCs potential as a therapeutic option for orthopaedic diseases in dogs. A total of 25 clinical studies published in the scientific literature in the last 15 years on various diseases will be presented: semitendinosus myopathy, supraspinatus tendinopathy, cruciate ligament rupture, bone fractures and defects, and also osteoarthritis. All articles involved in this study include only diseases that have naturally occurred in canine patients. MSCs therapy in veterinary orthopaedic field has shown to have great potential, especially for osteoarthritis were all studies presented promising results. However, MSCs bone healing capacity did not reveal such promising outcomes on the long term. In addition, most of these clinical studies did not include immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and histopathology to confirm that MSCs have differentiated and incorporated into the injured tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge of canine MSCs biology, immunology and clinical application in canine orthopaedic diseases. Despite the positive results in its use, there is still a lack of defined protocols, heterogeneous samples and concomitant medications used with MSCs therapy, which compromises the therapeutic results. Further studies are needed in the hope of overcoming its limitation in upcoming trials.

Key words: Bone Fractures; Cruciate Ligament Rupture; Osteoarthritis; Semitendinosus Myopathy; Supraspinatus Tendinopathy


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Dias IE, Cardoso DF, Soares CS, Barros LC, Viegas CA, Carvalho PP, Dias IR. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs: A review of the scientific literature. Open Vet J. 2021; 11(2): 188-202. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.2

Web Style

Dias IE, Cardoso DF, Soares CS, Barros LC, Viegas CA, Carvalho PP, Dias IR. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs: A review of the scientific literature. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=50829 [Access: March 18, 2025]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.2

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Dias IE, Cardoso DF, Soares CS, Barros LC, Viegas CA, Carvalho PP, Dias IR. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs: A review of the scientific literature. Open Vet J. 2021; 11(2): 188-202. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.2


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Dias IE, Cardoso DF, Soares CS, Barros LC, Viegas CA, Carvalho PP, Dias IR. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs: A review of the scientific literature. Open Vet J. (2021), [cited March 18, 2025]; 11(2): 188-202. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.2


Harvard Style

Dias, I. E., Cardoso, . D. F., Soares, . C. S., Barros, . L. C., Viegas, . C. A., Carvalho, . P. P. & Dias, . I. R. (2021) Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs: A review of the scientific literature. Open Vet J, 11 (2), 188-202. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.2


Turabian Style

Dias, Ines Esteves, Diogo Filipe Cardoso, Carla Sofia Soares, Luis Carlos Barros, Carlos Antunes Viegas, Pedro Pires Carvalho, and Isabel Ribeiro Dias. 2021. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs: A review of the scientific literature. Open Veterinary Journal, 11 (2), 188-202. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.2


Chicago Style

Dias, Ines Esteves, Diogo Filipe Cardoso, Carla Sofia Soares, Luis Carlos Barros, Carlos Antunes Viegas, Pedro Pires Carvalho, and Isabel Ribeiro Dias. "Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs: A review of the scientific literature." Open Veterinary Journal 11 (2021), 188-202. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.2


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Dias, Ines Esteves, Diogo Filipe Cardoso, Carla Sofia Soares, Luis Carlos Barros, Carlos Antunes Viegas, Pedro Pires Carvalho, and Isabel Ribeiro Dias. "Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs: A review of the scientific literature." Open Veterinary Journal 11.2 (2021), 188-202. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.2


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Dias, I. E., Cardoso, . D. F., Soares, . C. S., Barros, . L. C., Viegas, . C. A., Carvalho, . P. P. & Dias, . I. R. (2021) Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs: A review of the scientific literature. Open Veterinary Journal, 11 (2), 188-202. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.2


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