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Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade

Rimayanti Rimayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Suzanita Utama, Ratna Damayanti, Sri Mulyati, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ricadonna Raissa, Syahputra Wibowo, Syafiadi Rizki Abdila, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ima Fauziah, Josephine Elizabeth Siregar.


Abstract
An infectious disease called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) can lead to a number of disorders affecting cattle's respiratory system. The disease is caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoAHV-1). Based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, BoAHV-1 strains are divided into subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, 1.2b, and 1.3. IBR is currently widespread throughout the world, with the exception of a few nations that have achieved eradication. The most significant characteristic of this illness is that, after a clinical or subclinical infection, the virus typically establishes a latent condition that can later be reactivated in the presence of stress, immunosuppressive conditions/substances, or other diseases. Primarily, the virus spreads by direct or indirect contact between animals. It may also be transmitted via the reproductive system, causing infectious balanoposthitis or vulvovaginitis. Most virus subtypes are associated with reproductive failure, such as fetal or embryonic resorption and abortions. The virus may also be transmitted through semen, which could lead to genital transfer. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infection produces a variety of lesions. Lesion in the mucosal surface usually consists of white necrotic material. Regular methods for diagnosing BoHV-1 infections include isolation in cell culture, ELISA, VNT, and methods based on identification of nucleic acids, like PCR. The interplay of several host, pathogen, environmental, and management factors affects the spread of IBR. Through its impacts on health and fitness, IBR can lead to production losses. In order to minimize the severity of clinical signs and stop the infection from spreading, the veterinarian may advise that sick or at-risk animals be placed under immediate isolation and vaccinated (such as intranasal vaccination, including the use of both killed and live attenuated virus vaccines) as soon as an IBR diagnosis is obtained.

Key words: BoHV-1, Cattle, IBR, Infectious disease, Virus


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Rimayanti R, Khairullah AR, Lestari TD, Moses IB, Utama S, Damayanti R, Mulyati S, Raharjo HM, Kusala MKJ, Raissa R, Wibowo S, Abdila SR, Fauzia KA, Yanestria SM, Fauziah I, Siregar JE. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(10): 2525-2538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.3

Web Style

Rimayanti R, Khairullah AR, Lestari TD, Moses IB, Utama S, Damayanti R, Mulyati S, Raharjo HM, Kusala MKJ, Raissa R, Wibowo S, Abdila SR, Fauzia KA, Yanestria SM, Fauziah I, Siregar JE. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade. https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=208673 [Access: October 30, 2024]. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.3

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Rimayanti R, Khairullah AR, Lestari TD, Moses IB, Utama S, Damayanti R, Mulyati S, Raharjo HM, Kusala MKJ, Raissa R, Wibowo S, Abdila SR, Fauzia KA, Yanestria SM, Fauziah I, Siregar JE. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade. Open Vet J. 2024; 14(10): 2525-2538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.3


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Rimayanti R, Khairullah AR, Lestari TD, Moses IB, Utama S, Damayanti R, Mulyati S, Raharjo HM, Kusala MKJ, Raissa R, Wibowo S, Abdila SR, Fauzia KA, Yanestria SM, Fauziah I, Siregar JE. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade. Open Vet J. (2024), [cited October 30, 2024]; 14(10): 2525-2538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.3


Harvard Style

Rimayanti, R., Khairullah, . A. R., Lestari, . T. D., Moses, . I. B., Utama, . S., Damayanti, . R., Mulyati, . S., Raharjo, . H. M., Kusala, . M. K. J., Raissa, . R., Wibowo, . S., Abdila, . S. R., Fauzia, . K. A., Yanestria, . S. M., Fauziah, . I. & Siregar, . J. E. (2024) Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade. Open Vet J, 14 (10), 2525-2538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.3


Turabian Style

Rimayanti, Rimayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Suzanita Utama, Ratna Damayanti, Sri Mulyati, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ricadonna Raissa, Syahputra Wibowo, Syafiadi Rizki Abdila, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ima Fauziah, and Josephine Elizabeth Siregar. 2024. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (10), 2525-2538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.3


Chicago Style

Rimayanti, Rimayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Suzanita Utama, Ratna Damayanti, Sri Mulyati, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ricadonna Raissa, Syahputra Wibowo, Syafiadi Rizki Abdila, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ima Fauziah, and Josephine Elizabeth Siregar. "Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade." Open Veterinary Journal 14 (2024), 2525-2538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.3


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Rimayanti, Rimayanti, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Tita Damayanti Lestari, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Suzanita Utama, Ratna Damayanti, Sri Mulyati, Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ricadonna Raissa, Syahputra Wibowo, Syafiadi Rizki Abdila, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ima Fauziah, and Josephine Elizabeth Siregar. "Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade." Open Veterinary Journal 14.10 (2024), 2525-2538. Print. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.3


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Rimayanti, R., Khairullah, . A. R., Lestari, . T. D., Moses, . I. B., Utama, . S., Damayanti, . R., Mulyati, . S., Raharjo, . H. M., Kusala, . M. K. J., Raissa, . R., Wibowo, . S., Abdila, . S. R., Fauzia, . K. A., Yanestria, . S. M., Fauziah, . I. & Siregar, . J. E. (2024) Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade. Open Veterinary Journal, 14 (10), 2525-2538. doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.3


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